A Progestin-Based Treatment with a High Dose of Estradiol Benzoate Normalizes Cyclic Changes in Endometrial EGF Concentrations and Restores Fertility in Repeat Breeder Cows

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to examine the efficacy of a progestin-based treatment with a high dose of estradiol benzoate (EB) to normalize the epidermal growth factor (EGF) profile in the uterine endometrium and restore fertility in repeat breeder cows. Repeat breeder cows without peaks in their endometrial EGF concentrations on Days 3 and 14 of the estrous cycle were used throughout the study. The effect of 1 (standard dose), 2.5 and 5 mg of EB in a progestin-based treatment protocol (EB1, EB2.5 and EB5 treatments, respectively; n=5 for each group) on endometrial EGF concentrations was first examined. The EB1 and EB2.5 treatments in the repeat breeder cows produced a suppressed response in endometrial EGF compared with EB1 treatment in the fertile controls (n=5) and failed to restore the normal EGF profile during the next estrous cycle. However, EB5 treatment produced an increase in EGF concentrations similar to the fertile controls and normalized the endometrial EGF profile. The effects of the EB1 and EB5 treatments (n=30 for each group) on the endometrial EGF profile and fertility were then examined in the repeat breeder cows. The proportion of cows, with an EGF profile normalized by the treatments was higher in the EB5 group (66.7%) than in the EB1 (30.0%) and untreated control (13.3%; n=30) groups (P<0.01). The pregnancy rates of the cows having a normal EGF profile after treatment in the EB1 and EB5 groups were similar (88.9 and 85.0%, respectively) and higher than those of the cows having an abnormal profile within the same groups (19.0 and 30.0%, respectively, P<0.01). In summary, the endometrial response to EB in terms of the EGF concentration was suppressed in repeat breeder cows. A high dose (5 mg) of EB in a progestin-based treatment was found to be effective for restoration of a normal EGF profile and fertility in repeat breeder cows having lesser endometrial EGF concentrations on Days 3 and 14.