Abstract
Two fundamental problems of breakwater armor layer stability — the behavior of interlocking resistance and the random nature of breakwater stability — are examined through laboratory experiments and a probabilistic model. Based upon laboratory experiments of static pull-out tests, it is found that the interlocking resistance of artificial blocks when randomly placed is, more or less, proportional to the weight of the units. Only for tightly packed blocks, arranged in a pattern, does the interlocking resistance show a possible deviation from the weight proportionality. The resistance of the armor layer is shown to be a random property that can be adequately described by a log-normal distribution. A probabilistic stability equation is developed. The final equation contains six random variables; their behaviors are not all known at present. However, with the partial knowledge we have, the equation is used to bring out a number of salient features in breakwater design.
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