A proactive model on innovative biomedical applications of gold nanoparticles

Abstract

Nanobiotechnology is the emerging field of science as it deals with the properties on nanoscale dimension and it can make the revolution in the diagnostic and therapeutic fields. The purpose of this review is to summarize the synthesis, types, properties and applications of gold nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles are widely studied metal nanoparticles because of their unique physical and chemical properties that are different from bulk materials. Gold nanoparticles possess notable optoelectronic properties that are dependent on the shape and size of nanoparticles. They have large surface-to-volume ratio, excellent biocompatibility, and low toxicity which are very useful and make them an important tool in nanobiotechnology. This review reveals the characterization of gold nanoparticles by using UV–Vis spectroscopy, TEM and DLS. For their ability to target and efficient drug delivery, they have been extensively used for enhanced radiation in the field of radiation therapy. Gold nanoparticles have several other applications in the biomedical field like detection of very sensitive analytes, protein and virus and even they play role in killing cancer cells by hyperthermal treatment. A time is not far for fabrication and manipulation of new nanomaterials to be engineered for applications including therapeutic delivery, biosensors and bioimaging for biomedical use.