Abstract
BackgroundObesity and Overweight at an early age can contribute with many chronic diseases such as cancers, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Diet-related inflammation is one of the most important underlying mechanisms that may has a key role in obesity and overweight. This paper aimed to compare the dietary inflammatory index (DII®) in normal weight and overweight adolescent boys.MethodsA total of 535 adolescent boys (214 cases were overweight and obese and 321 controls with normal weight) participated in this study from two schools in Tehran, Iran. The student’s weight and body composition were measured using a Bio-Impedance Analyzer (BIA) scale. A validated semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess dietary inflammatory index.ResultsResults obtained from modeling DII® as a continuous variable identified a positive association between DII® and obesity (OR = 1.08, CI 1.01–1.16). After multivariable adjustment, subjects with DII® > 0.02 had at 1.5 times higher odds of obesity and overweight compared to subjects with DII® ≤ 0.02 (OR = 1.52; CI 1.04–2.22).ConclusionOur study indicated the importance of dietary-induced inflammation in the obesity and overweight during adolescence. Therefore, advising adolescent to consume diet with lower DII® with more fruits and vegetables, rich sources of fiber, flavonoids, zinc, magnesium and selenium and avoiding the consumption of saturated fatty acids (SFA), trans-fatty acids, and cholesterol may support a healthy weight.
Highlights
Obesity and Overweight at an early age can contribute with many chronic diseases such as cancers, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases
Numerous nutritional risk factors such as high levels of simple and total carbohydrates intake [34, 35], high intake of fat [36, 37], low intake of vegetables [38, 39], and incorrect nutritional habits, such as fast eating [40], irregular eating [41, 42], and lack of exercise [20, 40] have been supposed to be the main factors in the etiology of overweight and obesity at adolescence
The cases of overweight and obesity had higher weight, Body mass index (BMI), fat mass, and metabolic rate (MR), and lower age, muscle mass, and calorie intake compared to the normal BMI adolescences
Summary
Obesity and Overweight at an early age can contribute with many chronic diseases such as cancers, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The incidence of obesity in both developed and developing countries has been increasing over the past decades This rising includes all ages, genders, and different racial and ethnic groups with various income and educational levels [3, 4]. The financial and nonfinancial costs imposed by obesity on the health system of the countries are dramatically significant [5, 22,23,24]. Several risk factors such as genetics, lifestyle, socioeconomic status, dietary factors, and hormonal disorders have been suggested in the etiology of overweight and obesity [25, 26]. Numerous nutritional risk factors such as high levels of simple and total carbohydrates intake [34, 35], high intake of fat [36, 37], low intake of vegetables [38, 39], and incorrect nutritional habits, such as fast eating [40], irregular eating [41, 42], and lack of exercise [20, 40] have been supposed to be the main factors in the etiology of overweight and obesity at adolescence
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