Abstract
With the increasing integration of wind farms and electric vehicles (EVs) in power systems, voltage stability is becoming more and more serious. Based on vehicle-to-grid (V2G), an efficient power plant model of EVs (E-EPP) was developed to estimate EV charging load with available corresponding response capacity under different charging strategies. A preventive control strategy based on E-EPP was proposed to maintain the static voltage stability margin (VSM) of power system above a predefined security level. Two control modes were used including the disconnection of EV charging load (âV1Gâ mode) and the discharge of stored battery energy back to power grid (âV2Gâ mode). A modified IEEE 14-bus system with high penetration of wind power and EVs was used to verify the effectiveness of preventive control strategy. Simulation results showed that the proposed strategy can not only improve the static voltage stability of power system with considerable wind generation, but also guarantee the travelling comfort for EV owners.
Highlights
The development of ââlow-carbon economyââ is drawing more and more attention around the world considering the environment and energy
Where Pi,t is the charging/discharging power of EVi at time t; lt is the number of electric vehicles (EVs) when gi,t is 0; mt is the number of EVs when gi,t is 1; st is the number of charging EVs among the mt EVs; nt is the number of EVs when gi,t is 2
When the voltage stability margin (VSM) is higher than khigh, the EVs will connect to power system for recharging based on the opposite order of preventive control until the VSM is lower than klow, where khigh [ klow [ kcr
Summary
The development of ââlow-carbon economyââ is drawing more and more attention around the world considering the environment and energy. In [21], EVs were used to provide the voltage support of power system with the integration of photovoltaic power generation, which demonstrates the feasibility of using EVs for voltage control with intermittent renewable energy These studies are unable to fully consider the transportation behaviors of EV owners, which lead to a spatial and temporal distribution of EV charging load and available response capability. A preventive control strategy based on E-EPP was developed to fully utilize the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) capability of EV aggregation along a day, which can effectively improve the static voltage stability, and reduce the emission of carbon dioxide by supporting the integration of wind farms in a power system.
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