A pressure-decay method to determine influence of a surface-active agent on interface and internal resistances to gas–liquid mass transfer

Abstract

When gas dissolves into a liquid, interface resistance can limit the mass flux. Increasing or decreasing interface resistance by means of surface-active agents is of interest in applications ranging from biomedicine to petroleum recovery. This paper describes a pressure-decay methodthat allows systematic investigation of both interface resistance and internal (diffusive) resistance during gas-to-liquid mass transfer; introduces a mathematical modeling approach that determines both resistances simultaneously; and provides experiments in which only the interface resistance varies. In the pressure decay method, the system pressure is recorded as gas transfers across the gas/liquid interface and diffuses within the liquid. It allows initiating the experiment at a prescribed pressure with high reproducibility, facilitating the interpretation of a series of experiments. The exact solution of the 1D resistance-in-series model is derived. An accurate approximation is further reported to analyze experiments conveniently. The interface resistance is systematically varied in a static nitrogen/water system by adding small concentrations of oleic acid. As the concentration of oleic acid increases, the mass transfer coefficient decreases or the interface resistance increases. The effect is significant: at a concentration of 2 ppm, at which concentration the interface resistance is almost four times greater than that for pure water. The oleic acid has little effect on the diffusion coefficient of nitrogen in water due to its low concentration. The model comparison indicates the range of Biot number when the interface resistance or internal resistance must be accounted for. The characteristic chart can effectively contribute to a qualitative analysis of the gas–liquid mass transfer process when the effect of surface-active agents is considered.