Abstract
Forward Osmosis (FO) can be applied to recover water from the pre-treatment sludge of seawater reverse osmosis process. This study investigated the effect of the concentration of two draw solutions (MgCl2 and NaCl) in the reduction of Fe(OH)3 sludge volume and the effect of cross flow velocity on flux through FO membrane. Higher the concentration of NaCl and MgCl2 higher the water flux observed. However, the percentage increase was not significant due to the occurrence of internal concentration polarisation. MgCl2 draws marginally increased water flux than NaCl, when the conditions of feed and draw solutions were similar. Increase in cross flow velocity (from 0.25 to 1.0 m/s) marginally changed the flux with both draw solutions as higher cross flow velocities were unproductive to beat the external CP effect along the membrane surface. However, at 1 m/s, highest fluxes were obtained for both draw solutions.
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