Abstract
The aim of this work was to report preliminary results on some features of two new resistant apple cultivars (cvs. ‘Galiwa’ and ‘Story Inored’) in multi-row system in the early bearing years of the orchard. Trees were planted in spring of 2015 in double row design (3.5 m+1.4 m x 1.0 m) with planting density of 5357 tree/ha. According to our results cv. ‘Story Inored’ presented more vigorous growth, than cv. ‘Galiwa’. Trees of cv. ‘Story Inored’ reached 2.7 m in the third year, but cv. ‘Galiwa’ could reach only 1.95 meter. Due to late spring frost 100% yield loss was observed in the second year. In 2017 cv. ‘Galiwa’ produced 5.3 kg/tree (25 fruit/tree), while cv. ‘Story Inored’ presented 7.7 kg/tree (50 fruit/tree). Average yield was 28.4 t/ha for cv. ‘Galiwa’, as ‘Story Inored’ reached 41.3 t/ha in the third year. Cultivar ‘Galiwa’ reached the required fruit size (79.1 mm), but its coloration was weaker (43% fruit surface color). Cultivar ‘Story Inored’ can be described with smaller fruit size (69 mm) and higher percentage of surface color (93%).
Highlights
Cultivar choice has a decisive effect on the profitability of the production
In this study we aimed to evaluate some features of two resistant apple cultivars
‘Galiwa’ could not reach 2 m (1.95 m). This phenomenon determines obviously lower yields in the first years of the plantation compared to later years
Summary
Cultivar choice has a decisive effect on the profitability of the production. Only cultivars are recommended to produce which can satisfy the needs of the consumers in a long term (Porpáczy et al, 1964; Tomcsányi, 1973). In environmentally friendly fruit production systems it is advisable to apply resistant, tolerant or less sensitive cultivars in order to achieve better protection against the plant pathogens (Holb, 2000; Holb et al, 2006). These cultivars ensure the possibility to reduce the used pesticides, which results in lower production costs and lower pollution (Fischer & Fischer, 1996, 2004; Earles et al, 1999; Holb, 2008, 2009). Apple fruits with red skin are more preferred among the consumers, at the same time inside a cultivar fruits with better coloration have higher demand (Saure, 1990; Guerra, 2007; Csihon et al, 2015; Csihon & Gonda, 2016)
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