Abstract
Seeding absence detection is essential during seeding operation, since it affects the subsequent crop performance. Existing methods cannot detect the seeding absence position immediately after planting without soil disturbance. In this paper, a nondestructive detection method for finding out the seeding absence position of drills is put forward. It focuses on the echo energy reflected by the circle energy inside the tilled cropland soil, to which the sensor is attached directly on the soil surface, not on ultrasonic waves that penetrate the soil-seed medium below tilled soil. Firstly, the energy circle is used to analyze the sound field distribution characteristics of the sensor in cropland soil. According to the size difference of the seeding absence length value and energy circle diameter, the total energy for three different cases with eight steps for each case is discussed in detail, and in order to find the left and right boundary lines and the length value of seeding absence, a program is designed to help with calculating four base positions automatically. At last, the nondestructive detection method is evaluated by the experiments, and the results demonstrate that the proposed method is accurate, efficient, and convenient in finding the seeding absence position of drilling seeds on the soil surface without soil disturbance.
Highlights
During seed drilling, such as wheat seeding, the soil is tilled and moves to both sides by openers, and seeds fall into the soil, forming a seed layer, and are covered by returning the tilled soil
Compared with other methods mentioned in the Introduction, the proposed ultrasonic method for seeding absence detection meets the requirement of nondestructive measurement with the latest position of seeds as other methods cannot reach
The proposed method is more accurate than the seed metering or seed tube measurement methods, more efficient, convenient, and conducive to crop growth than manual measurement is after sowing or emergence
Summary
During seed drilling, such as wheat seeding, the soil is tilled and moves to both sides by openers, and seeds fall into the soil, forming a seed layer, and are covered by returning the tilled soil. Tilled soil, formed by openers, is softer than untilled soil (Figure 1). Seed position or seed distribution in the soil is an essential performance indicator of seed drills, since seed absence affects the subsequent crop performance. The seed distribution or seeding absence position in x and z are difficult to measure without soil disturbance. There are mainly the following commonly used measurement methods, including seed metering measurement, seed tube measurement, and manual measurement after sowing or emergence
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