Abstract
One of the important features of low-carbon electric power system is the massive deployment of renewable energy resources in the advent of a new carbon-strained economy. Wind generation is a major technology of generating electric power with zero carbon dioxide emission. In a power system with the high penetration of wind generation, the displacement of conventional synchronous generators with variable speed wind turbines reduces system inertia. This leads to larger system frequency deviation following a loss of large generation. In this paper, the impact of the reduction of system inertia on system frequency is analyzed as the result of the integration of a significant amount of wind generation into power systems. Furthermore, we present a preliminary study of the impact of the distribution of the inertia contributions from those online conventional synchronous generators on the rate of change of frequency (ROCOF) based on the total energy injected into the system due to the fault. The total fault energy is represented using Hamiltonian formulism. With the IEEE 39-bus system, it is shown that for a fault with the given injected total energy, clearing time, and location, the distribution of inertia contributions can significantly affect the magnitude of ROCOF. Moreover, for such a fault with different locations, the average of the magnitudes of ROCOF caused by the fault at different locations is larger when the distribution of the inertia contributions is more dispersed.
Highlights
The world-wide concern about carbon dioxide (CO2) emission has led to the increasing interest in the generation technologies of renewable energy sources
The rest of the paper is organized as follows: in Sect. 2, we analyze the impact of the reduction of system inertia on system frequency; in Sect. 3, a model of total fault injected energy is developed for our study; in Sect. 4, the impact of the distribution of inertia contributions on system frequency is analyzed; Sect. 5 includes the numerical simulations and results of analyses with the IEEE 39-bus system; and Sect. 6 concludes
This paper discussed the impact of the reduction of system inertia on system frequency as the result of the high penetration of wind generation into power systems
Summary
The world-wide concern about carbon dioxide (CO2) emission has led to the increasing interest in the generation technologies of renewable energy sources. To reduce CO2 emission, the power industry is gradually changing the generation technologies from fossil fuel to renewable energy sources. Among these generation technologies of renewable energy sources, wind generation grows rapidly. The displacement of a large number of conventional synchronous generators with variable speed wind turbines reduces system inertia. In the study presented in this paper, the impact of the reduction of system inertia on system frequency is analyzed as the consequence of the integration of wind generation into power systems. 3, a model of total fault injected energy is developed for our study; in Sect. 4, the impact of the distribution of inertia contributions on system frequency is analyzed; Sect. The rest of the paper is organized as follows: in Sect. 2, we analyze the impact of the reduction of system inertia on system frequency; in Sect. 3, a model of total fault injected energy is developed for our study; in Sect. 4, the impact of the distribution of inertia contributions on system frequency is analyzed; Sect. 5 includes the numerical simulations and results of analyses with the IEEE 39-bus system; and Sect. 6 concludes
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