Abstract
BackgroundThis study aims to design and validate ten projective images of Young’s Early Maladaptive Schema (EMS) domains. For this purpose, two questions are to be addressed. (1) How is the factorial structure of the projective images of EMS domains? (2) Do the images designed in the domains of disconnection and rejection, impaired autonomy and performance, impaired limits, other-directedness, and over-vigilance and inhibition have sufficient validity?MethodsThis is an applied mixed-methods exploratory study, in which the statistical population consisted of psychologists from Tehran Province in the qualitative section (n = 8) as well as other individuals aged between 18 and 65 years (mean age = 33) from Qazvin in the quantitative section (n = 102) in 2018. The research questions were analyzed through principal axis factoring with a varimax rotation, confirmatory factor analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Cronbach’s alpha.ResultsAccording to the results, ten images and five domains of Young’s EMSs contribute to a simple structure. Accounting for 70.35% of the total variance of EMSs, the five dimensions include disconnection and rejection, impaired autonomy and performance, impaired limits, other-directedness, and over-vigilance and inhibition.ConclusionsThe results indicated that the designed projective images yielded acceptable construct validity.
Highlights
This study aims to design and validate ten projective images of Young’s Early Maladaptive Schema (EMS) domains
The results indicated that the designed projective images yielded acceptable construct validity
Is it possible to design projective images which can activate the existing schemas of individuals? Can these images be used valid tools to reflect individuals’ schemas in the form of a story in response to images? Is it possible to employ such tools to measure the schema domains instead of measuring each schema separately, thereby saving time and cost? And will the individuals’ schemas reveal themselves in the face of these images as they do in response to different stimuli in different life and work situations regarded as a fixed mental phenomenon and a cognitive framework? this study aims to design and validate ten projective images related to Young’s EMS domains by designing two cards A and B for each domain
Summary
This study aims to design and validate ten projective images of Young’s Early Maladaptive Schema (EMS) domains. For this purpose, two questions are to be addressed. Tests are the most common tools for measuring psychological characteristics and traits [46]. Personality tests are divided into self-report clinical questionnaires and projective tests. Self-report questionnaires containing standardized items with specific responses were initially used to measure psychological traits and characteristics [26]. These questionnaires are called objective tests, for the rater’s subjective judgment is not involved in the rating process [66]. In the late 1930s and early 1940s, organized personality tests were gradually replaced by projective tests prepared with vague stimuli and unspecified
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