Abstract
The legume genus Zapoteca is separated from the genus Calliandra, i.e., by having pollen arranged in 16-grained polyads (compared to 8-grained polyads in Calliandra) and in chromosome number (13 vs. 8 or 11). As currently circumscribed, Zapoteca contains 22 species and 13 subspecies placed in five subgenera. This study included 20 species and 11 subspecies representing all subgenera. Representative species from the closely related genera Calliandra, Havardia, Pithecellobium and Viguieranthus were also included, as the more distantly related species Senegalia senegal and Vachellia farnesiana. The aims of this study were to test the monophyly of Zapoteca and investigate phylogenetic relationships within the genus. Total DNA was extracted from leaf material and the nuclear ETS and ITS, and plastid trnL–trnF regions were amplified. Additional sequence data were downloaded from GenBank, and the data sets were analyzed using Bayesian inference. Results show that Zapoteca is monophyletic and that the monospecific subgenera (subg. Nervosa and subg. Aculeata) are resolved as separate lineages within the genus, subg. Nervosa (containing Z. nervosa) as sister to all remaining taxa of Zapoteca. Subgenera containing more than one species (subg. Amazonica, subg. Zapoteca and subg. Ravenia) are shown to be non-monophyletic. Two subspecies of Z. caracasana, subsp. caracasana and subsp. weberbaueri, are found together in a clade. Furthermore, Zapoteca tehuana and Z. portoricensis subsp. portoricensis, Z. formosa subsp. gracilis and Z. formosa subsp. schottii are shown to be monophyletic. However, the other subspecific taxa of Z. formosa and of Z. portoricensis are not supported as monophyletic.
Highlights
The mimosoid genus Zapoteca H.M.Hern. (Fabaceae) mostly comprises erect or scandent shrubs up to 3–4 m tall with the main woody stems 1–2 cm in diameter, individuals of Z. tetragona (Willd.) H.M.Hern. and Z. portoricensis (Jacq.) H.M.Hern. are reported to have stems up to 20 cm in diameter (Hernández 1989)
Zapoteca is further characterized by stipulate, bipinnate leaves with opposite leaflets that range from 0.5 cm (Z. alinae H.M.Hern. and Z. media (M.Martens & Galeotti) H.M.Hern.) to 22 cm (Z. amazonica (Benth.) H.M.Hern.) in length, the number of Handling Editor: Louis P
Most species grow in tropical dry forest and disturbed habitats in seasonally dry areas, but some species occur in montane wet forest and lowland rainforest (Hernández 1989)
Summary
The mimosoid genus Zapoteca H.M.Hern. (Fabaceae) mostly comprises erect or scandent shrubs up to 3–4 m tall with the main woody stems 1–2 cm in diameter, individuals of Z. tetragona (Willd.) H.M.Hern. and Z. portoricensis (Jacq.) H.M.Hern. are reported to have stems up to 20 cm in diameter (Hernández 1989). (Fabaceae) mostly comprises erect or scandent shrubs up to 3–4 m tall with the main woody stems 1–2 cm in diameter, individuals of Z. tetragona (Willd.) H.M.Hern. Are reported to have stems up to 20 cm in diameter (Hernández 1989). Zapoteca is further characterized by stipulate, bipinnate leaves with opposite leaflets that range from 0.5 cm Zapoteca has its highest species diversity in southern Mexico but has a total distribution ranging from southwestern USA to northern Argentina, including the West Indies. They can be found from sea level up to ca. Most species grow in tropical dry forest and disturbed habitats in seasonally dry areas, but some species occur in montane wet forest and lowland rainforest (Hernández 1989)
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