Abstract
Four pulp testers were used to evaluate their interference with a pacemaker implanted in a dog and the effect of electrical current leaks on the pacemaker. The use of artificial pacemakers in patients with heart disease has created a special type of patient management problem for dentists. The application of electrical currents to such patients by the use of pulp testers, desensitizing equipment, electrosurgical instruments and so forth, as well as current leaks from other electrical equipment, can interfere with pacemaker function and may constitute a serious health hazard. Dentists should be aware of the effects of the application of electrical current to their patients.
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