Abstract
We present preliminary results from measuring Galactic orientation angles of 766 elliptical and bipolar Planetary Nebulae (PNe) in the Hong Kong/Australian Astronomical Observatory/Strasbourg Observatory H-alpha Planetary Nebula research platform and database (HASH DB). For elliptical PNe the distribution of orientation angles is found to be more or less uniform. However, for bipolar PNe there is statistically significant evidence for preferred orientation angles (as tentatively reported before with smaller samples) across the whole Galaxy.
Highlights
IntroductionIt is generally accepted that the mass-loss process is the key factor, other mechanisms like binarity, ISM interaction, magnetic fields and non-uniform radiation pressure may play a role in creating the observed distributions of nebular emission
The shaping mechanisms of Planetary Nebulae are not fully understood
It is generally accepted that the mass-loss process is the key factor, other mechanisms like binarity, ISM interaction, magnetic fields and non-uniform radiation pressure may play a role in creating the observed distributions of nebular emission
Summary
It is generally accepted that the mass-loss process is the key factor, other mechanisms like binarity, ISM interaction, magnetic fields and non-uniform radiation pressure may play a role in creating the observed distributions of nebular emission. The question whether there is a preferred orientation angle of elliptical and bipolar PNe in our Galaxy, towards the Galactic Bulge where the Galactic magnetic field could play a role in shaping PNe (Falceta-Gonçalves and Monteiro [1]), has been a long-standing controversy. While Melnick and Harwit [2], Phillips [3], Weidmann and Diaz [4], Rees and Zijlstra [5], and Danehkar and Parker [6] did find evidence for a preferred orientation of PNe towards the Galactic. Bulge or the whole Galaxy, Corradi et al [7] did not find any conclusive evidence for a non-uniform orientation.
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