Abstract
Abstract. High accuracy with real-time positioning of moving objects has been considered a standard task of engineering geodesy for 10 to 15 years. An absolute positioning accuracy of 1–3 cm is generally possible worldwide and is further used in many areas of machine guidance (machine control and guidance), and farming (precision farming) as well as for various special applications (e.g. railway trolley, mining, etc.). The cost of the measuring instruments required for the use of geodetic L1/L2 receivers with a local reference station amounts to approximately USD 30,000 to 50,000. Therefore, dual frequency RTK GNSS receivers are not used in the mass market. Affordable GPS/GNSS modules have already reached the mass market in various areas such as mobile phones, car navigation, the leisure industry, etc. Kinematic real-time positioning applications with centimetre or decimetre levels could also evolve into a mass product. In order for this to happen, the costs for such systems must lie between USD 1,000 to 2,000. What exactly low-cost means is determined by the precise specifications of the given individual application. Several university studies in geodesy focus on the approach of high-accuracy positioning by means of single frequency receivers for static applications [e.g. GLABSCH et. al. 2009, SCHWIEGER and GLÄSER 2005, ALKAN 2010, REALINI et. al. 2010, KORTH and HOFMANN 2011]. Although intelligent approaches have been developed that compute a trajectory in the post-processing mode [REALINI et. al., 2010], at present, there are only a very few GNSS Low-Cost Systems that enable real-time processing. This approach to precise position determination by means of the computation of static raw data with single frequency receivers is currently being explored in a research project at the Beuth Hochschule für Technik Berlin – and is being further developed for kinematic applications. The project is embedded in the European Social Fund. It is a follow-up project in the area of static positioning with single GNSS frequency receivers [KORTH and HOFMANN, 2011].
Highlights
Through the integration of other Mindstorms sensors, such movement simulators can simulate actual applications very realistically. This is currently being conducted in various, small projects at the Beuth Hochschule für Technik Berlin – University of Applied Sciences
Overall systems were subsequently developed with the Research Assistance V and VI
The exact analysis and referencing of the aerial image data still occurs through the use of exact control points
Summary
The exact positioning of moving objects within an accuracy range of a few centimetres has been possible through geodetic measuring sensors for approximately 15-20 years. At the Beuth Hochschule für Technik Berlin – University of Applied Sciences and within the scope of a research project, the capabilities of single frequency receivers are verified and adapted and developed for special applications. This modular GNSS System (see Figure 2) is based on the solution of the L1-carried phase ambiguity. Through the integration of other Mindstorms sensors, such movement simulators can simulate actual applications very realistically This is currently being conducted in various, small projects at the Beuth Hochschule für Technik Berlin – University of Applied Sciences
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