Abstract
This paper presents a potentiostat readout circuit with low-noise and mismatch-tolerant current mirror using chopper stabilization and dynamic element matching (DEM) for electrochemical sensors. Current-mode electrochemical sensors are widely used to detect the blood glucose and viruses in the diagnosis of various diseases such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and the H5N1 avian influenza virus (AIV). Low-noise and mismatch-tolerant characteristics are essential for sensing applications that require high reliability and high sensitivity. To achieve these characteristics, a proposed potentiostat readout circuit is implemented using the chopper stabilization scheme and the DEM technique. The proposed potentiostat readout circuit consists of a chopper-stabilized programmable gain transimpedance amplifier (TIA), gain-boosted cascode current mirror, and a control amplifier (CA). The chopper scheme, which is implemented in the TIA and CA, can reduce low frequency noise components, such as 1/f noise, and can obtain low-noise levels. The mismatch offsets of the cascode current mirror can be reduced by the DEM operation. The proposed current-mirror-based potentiostat readout circuit is designed using a standard 0.18 μm CMOS process and can measure the sensor current from 350 nA to 2.8 μA. The input-referred noise integrated from 0.1 Hz to 1 kHz is 21.7 pARMS, and the power consumption was 287.9 μW with a 1.8 V power supply.
Highlights
For electrochemical current-mode sensors for blood glucose sensing, the level of diabetes can be detected by sensing the current generated through various potential differences according to the change in the concentration of glucose [4,5]
This paper proposes a potentiostat readout circuit with a low-noise and mismatchtolerant current mirror using chopper stabilization and dynamic element matching (DEM)
The potentiostat electrochemical current-mode sensors convert potential differences into current signals according to the concentration of the solution, and the readout circuit converts current signals into voltage signals
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Blood glucose sensing based on the electrochemical current-mode sensors with a potentiostat biasing circuit was reported in [1,2]. For electrochemical current-mode sensors for blood glucose sensing, the level of diabetes can be detected by sensing the current generated through various potential differences according to the change in the concentration of glucose [4,5]. The chopper stabilization scheme and dynamic element current mirror is proposed. The chopper stabilization scheme and dynamic element matching (DEM) technique are integrated to reduce the low-frequency noise and mismatching (DEM) technique are integrated to reduce the low-frequency noise and mismatch match in the current mirror.
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