Abstract
Vitamin D has been discovered centuries ago, and current studies have focused on the biological effects of vitamin D on adipogenesis. Besides its role in calcium homeostasis and energy metabolism, vitamin D is also involved in the regulation of development and process of metabolic disorders. Adipose tissue is a major storage depot of vitamin D. This review summarized studies on the relationship between vitamin D and adipogenesis and furthermore focuses on adipose metabolic disorders. We reviewed the biological roles and functionalities of vitamin D, the correlation between vitamin D and adipose tissue, the effect of vitamin D on adipogenesis, and adipose metabolic diseases. Vitamin D is associated with adipogenesis, and vitamin D supplements can reduce the burden caused by metabolic diseases. The review provides new insights and basis for medical therapy on adipose metabolic diseases.
Highlights
Vitamin D is an essential nutrient for the prevention of rickets and is responsible for the intestinal absorption of calcium, phosphate, and magnesium [1, 2]
Vitamin D can be obtained from food, but most of it is synthesized from 7dehydrocholesterol in the skin via ultraviolet irradiation [3, 4]. e mechanism of vitamin D action is through its active form, 1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1α, 25(OH)2D3], which regulates the transcription of target genes and plays an important role in calcium homeostasis and metabolism [5,6,7]
It is composed of various cell types, including mature adipocytes, preadipocytes, fibroblasts, macrophages, and immune cells. e predominant cell types existing in adipose tissue are mature adipocytes
Summary
Vitamin D is an essential nutrient for the prevention of rickets and is responsible for the intestinal absorption of calcium, phosphate, and magnesium [1, 2]. Aside from its involvement in calcium and bone mineralization, vitamin D has multiple functions in adipose tissue, adipogenesis, glucose-insulin homeostasis, cell growth, and so on [11,12,13]. Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ secreting proteins and releasing fatty acids [17, 18]. It is composed of various cell types, including mature adipocytes, preadipocytes, fibroblasts, macrophages, and immune cells. Vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency is involved in the regulation of insulin secretion, glucose levels, and inflammation causing adipose metabolic diseases, such as obesity, multiple sclerosis, diabetes, and fatty liver [28,29,30,31,32]. (diabetes, nonalcohol fatty liver, and cardiovascular diseases). is study aimed to establish the relationship between vitamin D and metabolic disorders and to determine whether such disorders are affected by vitamin D supplementation, adipose vitamin D metabolism, and increased or reduced vitamin D activation. e vitamin D status, regulation of vitamin D by adipose tissue, effect of vitamin D on adipogenesis, and related metabolic diseases were discussed
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