Abstract
AbstractUterine leiomyosarcoma (ULMS) develops more often in the muscle tissue layer of the uterine body than in the uterine cervix. The development of gynecologic tumors is often correlated with female hormone secretion; however, the development of uterine ULMS is not substantially correlated with hormonal conditions, and the risk factors are not yet known. Importantly, a diagnostic-biomarker which distinguishes malignant ULMS from benign tumor leiomyoma (LMA) is yet to be established. Accordingly, it is necessary to analyze risk factors associated with uterine ULMS, to establish a treatment method. Proteasome low-molecular mass polypeptide 2(LMP2)/b1i-deficient mice spontaneously develop uterine LMS, with a disease prevalence of ~40% by 14 months of age. We found LMP2/b1i expression to be absent in human LMS, but present in human LMA. Therefore, defective-LMP2/b1i expression may be one of the risk factors for ULMS. LMP2/b1i is a potential diagnostic-biomarker for uterine ULMS, and may be a targeted-molecule for a new therapeutic approach.
Highlights
The uterus, the organ in which the embryo grows, is composed of three layers, the uterine endometrium which serves as a bed for the embryo; the myometrium of the wall which protects the embryo; and a serous membrane enveloping the uterus
The term uterine tumor refers to an epithelial malignant tumor of the uterus, which is roughly classified as a tumor of the uterine cervix or the uterine body
Smooth muscle tumors (SMTs) which develop in the myometrium have been traditionally divided into benign LMA and malignant Uterine leiomyosarcoma (ULMS) based on cytological atypia, mitotic activity and other criteria
Summary
The uterus, the organ in which the embryo grows, is composed of three layers, the uterine endometrium which serves as a bed for the embryo; the myometrium of the wall which protects the embryo; and a serous membrane enveloping the uterus. Smooth muscle tumors (SMTs) which develop in the myometrium have been traditionally divided into benign LMA and malignant ULMS based on cytological atypia, mitotic activity and other criteria. ULMS accounts for 2% to 5% of tumors of the uterine body and develops more often in the muscle layer of the uterine body than in the uterine cervix. High estrogen levels are considered to significantly influence the development of tumors in the uterine body[10,11,12].
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