Abstract
A successful 17 β estradiol (E2) degrading bacterium was isolated from waste water of Saft Elhena drain in Egypt. Molecular identification of the isolated bacteria was carried out using DNA (RAPD), the amplification was made by restriction analysis of amplified 16s rDNA and sequencing. Alos, the bacterium was incubated in saline media under different levels of 17 β-estradiol anaerobically. Levels of CO2 production were examined by GC and residual 17 β-estradiol was tested by HPLC to measure biodegradation capacity. Identification of the genetic element responsible of the gene resistance in the bacteria was tested. The sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene for 17 β estradiol degrader bacterium showed that its affiliations to phylum Enterobacteriaceae, and it belonged to the genera Klebsiella sp. Results revealed that Klebsilla was cabable of degrading estradiol and that the responsible resistance gene was mostly the chromosomal gene. However, further studies are still going on to locate and examine the gene responsible for E2 resistance.
Highlights
The occurrence and fate of pharmaceutically active compounds in the aquatic ecosystems has been recognized as one of the emerging issues in environmental chemistry. 17 βestradiol (E2) is an important compound of these pharmaceuticals which belong to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), it is found as residues in medicinal products, as pesticides, and as additives in animal feed
17 β Estradiol has been a concern of investigation since the 1930s (Cook et al, 1934; Tawfic, 2006), when 17 β Estradiol,excreted from the human body and live stocks (Narender and Cindy, 2009), in addition to the synthetic estrogenic chemicals, added in animal feeding, and/ or contraceptives are discharged into marine environments as waste waters or sewage, they would occur with concentration levels in the range of nanograms /L (Koh et al, 2008)
The results of PCR reactions amplifying 16S rRNA gene fragment from the DNA of the bacterial isolate are showed in Fig 1. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed bacterium with phylogenetic affiliations to phyla Enterobacteriaceae
Summary
The occurrence and fate of pharmaceutically active compounds in the aquatic ecosystems has been recognized as one of the emerging issues in environmental chemistry. 17 βestradiol (E2) is an important compound of these pharmaceuticals which belong to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), it is found as residues in medicinal products, as pesticides, and as additives in animal feed. Even concentrations less than 1 ng/L in the aquatic environment can cause infertility and reduce estrogenic activity, decrease reproductivity of fish females (Burton & Wells, 2002), change behavioral habits which may change reproductive physiology of fish (Denslow et al, 2007), and reduce release of growth hormone from the pituitary (Ng et al, 2001) When these chemicals reach the marine environment, they may be biotransformed and/or bioconcentrated (Lai et al, 2002), and/or accumulate in marine animals (Gomes et al, 2004; Lai et al, 2002) through the food chain. This research aimed to isolate bacteria from the waste water and aquatic systems and test their ability to resist 17 β estradiol in order to develop a practical methodology of bioremediation using these bacterial isolates to eliminate 17 β estradiol from water
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