Abstract
The alpha(α)2 -agonist detomidine is used for equine sedation with opioids such as methadone. We retrieved the data from two randomized, crossover studies where detomidine and methadone were given intravenously alone or combined as boli (STUDY 1) (Gozalo-Marcilla et al., 2017, Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 2017, 44, 1116) or as 2-hr constant rate infusions (STUDY 2) (Gozalo-Marcilla et al., 2019, Equine Veterinary Journal, 51, 530). Plasma drug concentrations were measured with a validated tandem Mass Spectrometry assay. We used nonlinear mixed effect modelling and took pharmacokinetic (PK) data from both studies to fit simultaneously both drugs and explore their nonlinear kinetics. Two significant improvements over the classical mammillary two-compartment model were identified. First, the inclusion of an effect of detomidine plasma concentration on the elimination clearances (Cls) of both drugs improved the fit of detomidine (Objective Function Value [OFV]: -160) and methadone (OFV: -132) submodels. Second, a detomidine concentration-dependent reduction of distributional Cls of each drug further improved detomidine (OFV: -60) and methadone (OFV: -52) submodel fits. Using the PK data from both studies (a) helped exploring hypotheses on the nonlinearity of the elimination and distributional Cls and (b) allowed inclusion of dynamic effects of detomidine plasma concentration in the model which are compatible with the pharmacology of detomidine (vasoconstriction and reduction in cardiac output).
Highlights
We retrieved the data from two randomised, cross-over studies where methadone and detomidine were given intravenously alone or combined as boli (STUDY 1) (Gozalo-Marcilla et al, 2017) or as a 2-hr constant rate infusions (STUDY 2) (Gozalo-Marcilla et al, 2019a)
Using the PK data from both studies i) helped exploring hypotheses on the nonlinearity of the elimination and distributional clearances, ii) allowed inclusion of dynamic effects of detomidine plasma concentration in the model which are compatible with the pharmacology of detomidine
Alpha(α)2 -agonists and opioids such as detomidine and methadone are commonly combined in equine standing surgery to provide sedation and analgesia
Summary
We retrieved the data from two randomised, cross-over studies where methadone and detomidine were given intravenously alone or combined as boli (STUDY 1) (Gozalo-Marcilla et al, 2017) or as a 2-hr constant rate infusions (STUDY 2) (Gozalo-Marcilla et al, 2019a). Using the PK data from both studies i) helped exploring hypotheses on the nonlinearity of the elimination and distributional clearances, ii) allowed inclusion of dynamic effects of detomidine plasma concentration in the model which are compatible with the pharmacology of detomidine (vasoconstriction and reduction in cardiac output). In STUDY 1, the model including non-linearity on the elimination clearance (Cl)
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