A population-based analysis of the management of symptoms of depression among patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Ontario, Canada.

Abstract

Patients with lung cancer can experience significant psychological morbidities including depression. We characterize patterns and factors associated with interventions for symptoms of depression in stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We conducted a population-based cohort study using health services administrative data in Ontario, Canada of stage IV NSCLC diagnosed from January 2007 to September 2018. A positive symptom of depression score was defined by reporting at least one ESAS (Edmonton Symptom Assessment System) depression score ≥ 2 following diagnosis until the end of follow-up (September 2019). Patient factors included age, sex, comorbidity burden, rurality of residence, and neighbourhood income quintile. Interventions included psychiatry assessment, psychology referral, social work referral and anti-depressant medical therapy (for patients ≥ 65years with universal drug coverage). Multivariable modified Poisson regression models were used to examine the association between patient factors and intervention use for patients who reported symptoms of depression. In the cohort of 13,159 patients with stage IV NSCLC lung cancer, symptoms of depression were prevalent (71.4%, n = 9,397). Patients who reported symptoms of depression were more likely to receive psychiatry assessment/psychology referral (7.8% vs 3.5%; SD [standardized difference] 0.19), social work referral (17.4% vs 11.9%; SD 0.16) and anti-depressant prescriptions (23.8% vs 13.8%; SD 0.26) when compared to patients who did not report symptoms of depression respectively. In multivariable analyses, older patients were less likely to receive any intervention. Females were more likely to obtain a psychiatry assessment/psychology referral or social work referral. In addition, patients from non-major urban or rural residences were less likely to receive psychiatry assessment/psychology referral or social work referral, however patients from rural residences were more likely to be prescribed anti-depressants. There is high prevalence of symptoms of depression in stage IV NSCLC. We identify patient populations, including older patients and rural patients, who are less likely to receive interventions that will help identifying and screening for symptoms of depression.