Abstract
AbstractA retrospective study on healthy, unrelated subjects was conducted in order to estimate population glutathione-S-transferases (GST) genotype frequencies in Slovak population of men and compare our results with already published data (GSEC project)^1^. A further aim of the study was to evaluate frequencies of the GST polymorphisms also in patients with prostate cancer in order to compare the evaluated proportions with those found in the control subjects. Analysis for the GST gene polymorphisms was performed by PCR and PCR-RFLP. We found that the proportions are not significantly different from those estimated in a European multicentre study or from the results published by another group in Slovakia. We found significantly increased age-standardized prostate cancer prevalence rates in the carriers of GSTM1 null genotype (P = 0.037) and trend for such an increase in the carriers of GSTP1 polymorphism when compared with the respective groups of non-carriers. Because understanding of the contribution of GST gene polymorphisms and their interactions with other relevant factors may improve screening diagnostic assays for prostate cancer, we discuss issues of study feasibility, study design, and statistical power, which should be taken into account in planning further trials.
Highlights
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men in industrialized countries with the main risk factor being age over 50
Since previous reports suggest that there are no differences in GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 allele frequencies by age and sex [17], we conducted a retrospective study on a selected population of men in order to examine whether the gene frequencies were consistent with research findings across Europe
We found significantly increased age-standardized prostate cancer prevalence rates in the carriers of GSTM1 null genotype (P = 0.037) and trend for such an increase in the carriers of GSTP1 polymorphism towards the older age when compared with the respective groups of non-carriers
Summary
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men in industrialized countries with the main risk factor being age over 50. Since early detection increases survival rate, the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test and the digital rectal examination should be offered to men annually beginning at age 50. Assessment of prostate cancer hazard from environmental pollution is of increasing importance and inherited differences in the effectiveness of detoxification/activation of carcinogens might play a role in deciding why one man might be at higher risk than another. The GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 members of the glutathione-S-transferase (GST) multigene family are candidate cancer-predisposing genes, since they are mostly involved in the detoxification of a wide range of environmental and tobacco carcinogens, endogenously produced reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation products. For GSTP1, the found prevalence rates of Ile/Val heterozygosity and Val/Val homozygosity were between (38 - 45.7) % and (7 to 13) % respectively [7]
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