A popular and potentially sustainable fishery resource under pressure–extinction risk and conservation of Brazilian Sciaenidae (Teleostei: Perciformes)

Ning Labbish Chao,Flávia Lucena Frédou,Manuel Haimovici,Monica B Peres,Beth Polidoro,Marcelo Raseira,Rosana Subirá,Kent Carpenter

doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2015.06.002

Abstract

Croakers (Sciaenidae) are major fishery resource in Brazil; constituting 22% of marine and 9% of freshwater fishery landings. Croakers are subject to heavy fishing pressure throughout Brazil, but habitat alteration is also an important threat to regional populations. In this regional Sciaenidae assessment, each species was analyzed for relative risk of extinction, including the identification and quantification of the impact of major threats and existing conservation measures, based on application of the Categories and Criteria of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Of the 52 species of Sciaenid fishes (34 marine and 18 freshwater) present in Brazilian waters, the majority are at low risk of extinction, with 10 species classified as Data Deficient (DD) and 36 as Least Concern (LC). However the Southern black drum (Pogonias cromis), listed as Endangered (EN) is the most threatened species in the region, while three other species are classified as Near Threatened (NT). A large portion of Brazilian croakers is landed by small-scale artisanal fisheries, which are scattered along coastal and riverine communities. However, our assessments reveal that available fishery landing statistics may have greatly underestimated the artisanal fishery production and by-catch of Sciaenids. We recommend establishing, with adequate enforcement, coastal and riverine protected areas as well as strategic fishing seasons to improve and maintain the conservation status of Sciaenids and sustainable Sciaenid fisheries.

Highlights

IntroductionSciaenidae, known as croakers and drums (corvinas e pescadas), is a large family of percoid fishes with about 280 species in 90 genera worldwide (Table 1)
Sciaenidae, known as croakers and drums, is a large family of percoid fishes with about 280 species in 90 genera worldwide (Table 1)
There are 34 marine and 18 freshwater Sciaenidae species found in Brazilian waters, with several additional undescribed species

Summary

Introduction

Sciaenidae, known as croakers and drums (corvinas e pescadas), is a large family of percoid fishes with about 280 species in 90 genera worldwide (Table 1). They are primarily tropical and warm temperate coastal marine fishes; with some confined to freshwater rivers. Among 20 species of freshwater Neotropic Sciaenids, 18 are either endemic to Brazil or have the majority of their range of distribution in Brazil (Table 2; Casatti, 2001, 2002, 2005). Sciaenids often are found at the interface of estuaries and coastal marine areas, and/or locally migrate between floodplains and river channels. Sciaenids often form large aggregations during spawning migration, which make them extremely vulnerable to overfishing

Methods

Results

Conclusion