Abstract
Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) is a lentivirus that infects both goats and sheep and is closely related to maedi-visna virus that infects sheep; collectively, these viruses are known as small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV). Infection of goats and sheep with SRLV typically results in discrete inflammatory diseases which include arthritis, mastitis, pneumonia or encephalomyelitis. SRLV-infected animals concurrently demonstrating lentivirus-associated lesions in tissues of lung, mammary gland, joint synovium and the central nervous system are either very rare or have not been reported. Here we describe a novel CAEV promoter isolated from a sheep with multisystemic lentivirus-associated inflammatory disease including interstitial pneumonia, mastitis, polyarthritis and leukomyelitis. A single, novel SRLV promoter was cloned and sequenced from five different anatomical locations (brain stem, spinal cord, lung, mammary gland and carpal joint synovium), all of which demonstrated lesions characteristic of lentivirus associated inflammation. This SRLV promoter isolate was found to be closely related to CAEV promoters isolated from goats in northern California and other parts of the world. The promoter was denoted CAEV-ovine-MS (multisystemic disease); the stability of the transcription factor binding sites within the U3 promoter sequence are discussed.
Highlights
Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) is a pathogenic lentivirus in the family Retroviridae that infects both goats and sheep and is closely related to the maedi-visna virus (MVV) of sheep [1,2]
CAEV and MVV are collectively classified as small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) that cause multiple progressive and debilitating inflammatory disease syndromes [3]
The ovine lungs were diffusely reddish-pink with a uniform spongy texture and multiple, rare, small firm tan nodules embedded within the subpleural parenchyma on the dorsal-caudal aspect of the pulmonary lobes
Summary
Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) is a pathogenic lentivirus in the family Retroviridae that infects both goats (genus Capra) and sheep (genus Ovis) and is closely related to the maedi-visna virus (MVV) of sheep [1,2]. CAEV and MVV are collectively classified as small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) that cause multiple progressive and debilitating inflammatory disease syndromes [3]. SRLV infections are characterized by four chronic inflammatory disease syndromes-arthritis, mastitis, interstitial pneumonia, and encephalitis/myelitis [3,6,7]. The neurologic variant is less commonly diagnosed, tends to occur in 2–6 month old goat kids, and is the disease syndrome initially described for CAEV [9,10,11,12]. Affected goat kids exhibit paraparesis that eventually progresses to tetraparesis [9]
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