Abstract
The skin is a complex organ that faces the external environment and participates in the innate immune system. Skin immune homeostasis is necessary to defend against external microorganisms and to recover from stress to the skin. This homeostasis depends on interactions among a variety of cells, cytokines, and the complement system. Collectins belong to the lectin pathway of the complement system, and have various roles in innate immune responses. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), collectin kidney 1, and liver (CL-K1, CL-L1) activate the lectin pathway, while all have multiple functions, including recognition of pathogens, opsonization of phagocytosis, and modulation of cytokine-mediated inflammatory responses. Certain collectins are localized in the skin, and their expressions change during skin diseases. In this review, we summarize important advances in our understanding of how MBL, surfactant proteins A and D, CL-L1, and CL-K1 function in skin immune homeostasis. Based on the potential roles of collectins in skin diseases, we suggest therapeutic strategies for skin diseases through the targeting of collectins and relevant regulators.
Highlights
The skin is one of the largest organs in mammals, and it plays a significant role in innate immunity
Abnormal levels of collectins are seen during skin diseases [6, 7]. These findings suggest that collectins have an important role in skin immune homeostasis
It binds to pathogens and forms complexes with Mannose-binding lectin (MBL)-associated serine proteases (MASPs) that initiate the lectin pathway of the complement system, resulting in enhanced microbial clearance via opsonization [46]
Summary
Reviewed by: Soren Werner Karlskov Hansen, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark Nithyananda Thorenoor, Pennsylvania State University, United States. Plausible Role for Collectins in Skin Immune Homeostasis. The skin is a complex organ that faces the external environment and participates in the innate immune system. Skin immune homeostasis is necessary to defend against external microorganisms and to recover from stress to the skin. This homeostasis depends on interactions among a variety of cells, cytokines, and the complement system. Collectins belong to the lectin pathway of the complement system, and have various roles in innate immune responses. We summarize important advances in our understanding of how MBL, surfactant proteins A and D, CL-L1, and CL-K1 function in skin immune homeostasis. Based on the potential roles of collectins in skin diseases, we suggest therapeutic strategies for skin diseases through the targeting of collectins and relevant regulators
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