A plastic Stillinger-Weber potential-based discretized virtual internal bond approach for modeling soft rock fracture and its application in tunnel failure

Abstract

Soft rocks present some undesirable behaviors, such as low strength, high plasticity and softening. These traits pose challenges in the design and construction of soft rock tunnels. To address these issues and model plastic fracture behaviors of soft rocks, we proposed a plastic Stillinger-Weber (PSW) potential and integrated it into the discretized virtual internal bond (DVIB) model. The PSW-DVIB model combines the strengths of the plastic DVIB and the SW-DVIB models. It not only effectively reproduces the plastic fracture behavior but also accurately reflects the Poisson’s ratio. Moreover, due to the inclusion of fracture energy in the PSW potential, the simulation results are basically mesh size independent. The PSW-DVIB model is then utilized to investigate the failure behaviors of soft rock tunnels. The effects of the coefficient of lateral pressure, in-situ stress, Poisson’s ratio and tunnel shape on tunnel failure are investigated. The simulated results indicate that the coefficient of lateral pressure has significant influence on the failure zone distribution of the surrounding rock. With the coefficient of lateral pressure increasing, the failure degree of surrounding rock decreases firstly and then increases. The optimum coefficients of lateral pressure for the stability of circular, arched and square tunnels are about 1.00, 0.75 and 0.75, respectively. When the in-situ stress or Poisson’s ratio is larger, the influence of the coefficient of lateral pressure on tunnel failure is more obvious. The influence of the coefficient of lateral pressure on square tunnels are more significant than the arched tunnels, and then the circular tunnels. These findings provide valuable insights for the design and construction of soft rock tunnels.