Abstract
BackgroundIncreased oxidative/dicarbonyl stress and chronic inflammation are considered key pathophysiological mediators in the progression of complications in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Lifestyle and diet composition have a major impact. In this study, we tested the effects of a vegan (V) and a conventional meat containg (M) meal, matched for energy and macronutrients, on postprandial oxidative and dicarbonyl stress, inflammatory markers and appetite hormones.MethodsA randomised crossover design was used to evaluate T2D, obese with normal glucose tolerance and control participants (n = 20 in each group), with serum concentrations of analytes determined at 0, 120 and 180 min. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used for statistical analysis.ResultsIn T2D subjects, we observed decreased postprandial concentrations of oxidised glutathione (p ˂ 0.001) and increased glutathione peroxidase activity (p = 0.045) after the V-meal consumption, compared with the M-meal. In obese participants, V-meal consumption increased postprandial concentrations of reduced glutathione (p = 0.041) and decreased methylglyoxal concentrations (p = 0.023). There were no differences in postprandial secretion of TNFα, MCP-1 or ghrelin in T2D or obese men, but we did observe higher postprandial secretion of leptin after the V-meal in T2D men (p = 0.002) compared with the M-meal.ConclusionsThe results show that a plant-based meal is efficient in ameliorating the postprandial oxidative and dicarbonyl stress compared to a conventional energy- and macronutrient-matched meal, indicating the therapeutic potential of plant-based nutrition in improving the progression of complications in T2D and obese patients.Registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier No. NCT02474147.
Highlights
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity are associated with postprandial dysmetabolism, a state that significantly contributes to the development of associated complications [1]
Data are expressed as the mean with a 95% confidence intervals (CI). * indicates the difference between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obese men, ¶ difference between obese and control men, and # difference between T2D and control men at α = 0.05. (A) Plasma glucose (*, ¶, #)
There were no differences in postprandial secretion of Tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) or ghrelin in T2D or obese men, but we observed a higher postprandial secretion of leptin after the V-meal in T2D men and in healthy controls, compared with the meat meal (M-meal)
Summary
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity are associated with postprandial dysmetabolism, a state that significantly contributes to the development of associated complications [1]. Abnormal postprandial elevations of plasma glucose and lipids in T2D are associated with oxidative stress, increased inflammation, hypercoagulation and impaired secretion of gastrointestinal hormones [4, 5]. It has been recently suggested that postprandial formation of dicarbonyl compounds, toxic reactive metabolites from glucose and lipids, may be involved in the development of vascular complications of diabetes [7]. Increased oxidative/dicarbonyl stress and chronic inflammation are considered key pathophysiological mediators in the progression of complications in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). We tested the effects of a vegan (V) and a conventional meat containg (M) meal, matched for energy and macronutrients, on postprandial oxidative and dicarbonyl stress, inflammatory markers and appetite hormones
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