Abstract
BackgroundSpodoptera litura larvae are polyphagous insects that have become a significant pest in recent years. The spread of this pest has led to the continuous usage of insecticides on crops. Some plant extracts have been used as a mixture to control insect pests and improve productivity.MethodsA plant-based mixture was mixed at a ratio of 1:1 v/v to demonstrate the effect on contact toxicity, feeding (no-choice test), and enzyme activities on S. litura. The active compounds of P. retrofractum and A. calamus were isolated by preparative thin-layer chromatography (PTLC).ResultsOur results showed that binary mixtures from P. retrofractum and A. calamus exhibit the highest contact toxicity and antifeedant activity at a 1:1 ratio of LD30:LD10 dose (3.213 µg/larva P. retrofractum + 3.294 µg/larva A. calamus). The main active ingredient from each crude extract was (2E,4E,14Z)-N-isobutylicosa-2,4,14-trienamide from P. retrofractum, and beta-asarone and alpha-asarone from A. calamus. Additionally, A. calamus seems to be the synergistic compound. Some compound mixtures increased the glutathione-S-transferase activities in vivo; whereas, almost no significant differences in esterase activities were noted.ConclusionThe results indicated that the ethanolic crude extracts of P. retrofractum and A. calamus mixtures could be used as the pesticidal compound and to develop a binary mixture formulation for controlling lepidopteran pests. However, the toxicity of this mixture to mammals needed to be explored before commercial development.
Highlights
Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a polyphagous insect pest that feeds on at least 87 plant species in over 40 plant families, including many vegetables, fruit, cotton, groundnut, chili, tobacco, castor, lady finger, cauliflower, and pulses, in many Asian countries, such as Thailand, China, Japan, India [1,2,3]
The results indicated that the ethanolic crude extracts of P. retrofractum and A. calamus mixtures could be used as the pesticidal compound and to develop a binary mixture formulation for controlling lepidopteran pests
The combined mixtures were tested with the second instar of S. litura larvae to optimize its effect on detoxification enzyme activities
Summary
Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a polyphagous insect pest that feeds on at least 87 plant species in over 40 plant families, including many vegetables, fruit, cotton, groundnut, chili, tobacco, castor, lady finger, cauliflower, and pulses, in many Asian countries, such as Thailand, China, Japan, India [1,2,3]. It has gradually become a significant insect pest in recent years [4]. Some plant extracts have been used as a mixture to control insect pests and improve productivity
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