Abstract
Integration of DC grids into AC networks will realize hybrid AC/DC grids, a new energetic paradigm which will become widespread in the future due to the increasing availability of DC-based generators, loads and storage systems. Furthermore, the huge connection of intermittent renewable sources to distribution grids could cause security and congestion issues affecting line behaviour and reliability performance. This paper aims to propose a planning tool for congestion forecasting and reliability assessment of overhead distribution lines. The tool inputs consist of a single line diagram of a real or synthetic grid and a set of 24-h forecasting time series concerning climatic conditions and grid resource operative profiles. The developed approach aims to avoid congestions criticalities, taking advantage of optimal active power dispatching among “congestion-nearby resources”. A case study is analysed to validate the implemented control strategy considering a modified IEEE 14-Bus System with introduction of renewables. The tool also implements reliability prediction formulas to calculate an overhead line reliability function in congested and congestions-avoided conditions. A quantitative evaluation underlines the reliability performance achievable after the congestion strategy action.
Highlights
Energy transition is creating a massive renewable introduction in the main AC grid with security and stability possible consequences for the grid itself, and for users and prosumers [1,2]
The two approaches to power flows managing can significantly increase the output of Distributed Generation (DG) units in a thermally constrained network, alleviating line congestion by reducing distributed power output
The IEEE 14 Bus System is an AC grid representing a Midwest United States power system simplified model constituted by fourteen AC buses, five generators, sixteen lines and eleven loads
Summary
Energy transition is creating a massive renewable introduction in the main AC grid with security and stability possible consequences for the grid itself, and for users and prosumers [1,2]. Electrical systems originally designed to function according to a unidirectional functioning model (unidirectional power flows from large generators to end users), have started to operate according to a bidirectional model, accommodating electricity production from multiple, distributed and intermittent generation sources. In this context, a modernization process of the electrical networks is necessary to enable advanced monitoring and smart management logics for grid operation to improve efficiency and preserve security and adequacy. Congestion problems are more evident where renewables installations are concentrated, and in the presence of low meshed and limited capacity grids. It is evident that energy transition cannot be implemented with these constraining actions
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