Abstract
Here, a planar 2×2 MIMO configuration for the 5G smartphone has been presented. A single element modified planar tree profile shape (MPTPS) antenna is implemented to investigate the suitability in future 5G communication for different sub-6 GHz spectrum band. The size of the single MPTPS antenna is 40 × 25 mm2. The electronic band gap (EBG) and partial ground plane (PGP) techniques have been utilized to tune this antenna. The antenna works from 2.81 – 7.23 GHz, with a (VSWR < 2) bandwidth of 4.42 GHz that covers all the mid-range sub-6 GHz 5G frequencies. It also has a comparatively good gain of 3.14 dBi, high efficiency of 96% and a bi-directional radiation pattern. The antenna has been implemented in a 145 × 75 mm2 smartphone mainboard with MIMO configuration using polarization diversity. More than -21.1 dB isolation has been found between different ports. A good gain of as high as 6.59 dBi is observed for the MIMO in the band. Also, as MIMO performance, excellent envelope correlation coefficient of less than 0.0029 and minimum diversity gain of 9.9853 has been observed. The investigation has been further stretched by adding a liquid crystal display (LCD) for radiation performance and a hand phantom to assess the performance in terms of specific absorption rate (SAR). It is observed that the SAR value is as low as 0.887641 at 3.5 GHz. This design will motivate the researcher to develop high performance MIMO arrays for 5G smartphones.
Highlights
Nowadays, in wireless communication, the latest addition is 5G technology
The results show that the minimum isolation between the ports is -21 dB and the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) is less than 0.05 throughout all the working frequencies
The antenna efficiency is good around 96% and it never goes below 80% throughout the BW of the antenna
Summary
In wireless communication, the latest addition is 5G technology. The emergence of the 5G technology will enable improve connectivity, excellent speed and data rate and these all features will come with a very low latency [1]. In terms of the frequency of operation there are two different band of 5G: Sub-6 GHz (below 6 GHz bands) and the millimeter wave band. The millimeter wave band lays between 24 to 30 GHz in different regions. In the sub 6-GHz 5G band, there few sub bands such as lower band (700 MHz), mid band (3.4 to 3.6 GHz) and high band (4.8–6 GHz) [2]. Different countries from different regions have decided to choose different sub-6 GHz
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