A pilot study to screen for poor academic performance in children with sickle cell disease in the outpatient setting.

Abstract

Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at risk for neurocognitive deficits, which can lead to effects on academic performance and later job attainment. However, screening in children at high risk for poor academic performance (PAP) in a clinic setting has been limited. The goal was to identify young children with SCD at high risk for PAP via administration of a standardized screening tool at the clinic visit. Parents of 20 patients were asked to complete the Behavior Assessment System for Children, 3rd edition (BASC-3) Parent Rating Scale. Children ages six to nine years and all SCD genotypes were included. Those patients who scored at least 1 standard deviation below the mean were considered high risk. Statistics was used to associate demographic, academic, and laboratory data with risk status (RS). Four of 20 patients (20%) were found to be at risk by the BASC-3. A significant association was found between those with a history of PAP and RS (P=0.001). A trend toward association was found between baseline hemoglobin, reticulocyte count, and RS. Children not at risk had a higher hemoglobin level and lower reticulocyte count (P=0.37 and P=0.20, respectively). Those on hydroxyurea were significantly less likely to score as at risk (P=0.014), whereas those with siblings may be at greater risk (P=0.037). A parent-directed screening tool may identify children with SCD in need of additional school support. Further prospective studies are necessary to understand correlations found between hemoglobin, reticulocyte count, and hydroxyurea treatment and risk for PAP.