Abstract
BACKGROUND: Vision attributes to about 95% of the sensory requirements for driving. When driving, impaired visual functions will undoubtedly result in a delayed response to obstructions. The regulations governing the issuing and renewal of a driver’s license in Trinidad make no provision of a visual requirement assessment. The study was prompted by an upsurge in road traffic accidents in Trinidad and Tobago, a twin-island nation. 
 
 AIM: This pilot study investigates the relationship between defects in visual functions and traffic accidents among drivers on the island of Trinidad.
 
 METHODOLOGY: This descriptive cross-sectional study utilizes a non-probability purposive sampling approach to enroll licensed drivers who had been driving within the island’s districts for the past five years, the study conducted at a Multi-Health-Training Facility in Trinidad’s Central Area. After completing a semi-structured questionnaire, participants were given a full eye examination. 
 
 RESULTS: 128 licensed drivers, both male and female, were enrolled for this study with ages ranging from 20 to 70 years with a mean age of 40.9 years ± 13.3 years, in which majority (83.6%, n = 107) of the drivers did not perform an eye exam before obtaining/renewing their driver’s license. About 32% (n = 41) of these drivers were involved in an RTA in the last five years. There was a statistically significant association between colour vision defect (x² = 15.94, p = 0.00), contrast sensitivity with a logCS score of less than 1.52 (x² = 25.05, p = 0.00, Cramer’s V= 0.442) and the occurrence of road traffic accident. 
 
 CONCLUSION: According to this study, one-quarter of drivers have been involved in a road traffic accident within the last five years, and three-quarters have never had an eye examination before obtaining or renewing their driver’s license. The relevance of designing and developing a screening protocol that can be easily applied to driving safety licensing policies were established in this study. Based on these findings, prospective driver’s license applicants must undergo a complete eye examination, to drastically reduce RTAs.
Highlights
The ability to see is undeniably an essential component of being considered a good driver, as the driving action is heavily reliant on vision for its efficient and proper execution (Pepple, 2014)
According to this study, one-quarter of drivers have been involved in a road traffic accident within the last five years, and three-quarters have never had an eye examination before obtaining or renewing their driver’s license
The relevance of designing and developing a screening protocol that can be applied to driving safety licensing policies were established in this study
Summary
The ability to see is undeniably an essential component of being considered a good driver, as the driving action is heavily reliant on vision for its efficient and proper execution (Pepple, 2014). Driving requires a combination of sensory, emotional, motor, and compensatory abilities. It is primarily a cognitive (thinking) and sensory (vision) activity (Karthaus & Falkenstein, 2016). Vision accounts for approximately 95% of the sensory requirements for driving. Impaired visual functions will invariably result in a delayed reaction to obstacles while driving (Owsley, 2010). A driver’s vision would decide how effectively he can perform, determining the probability of Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs). Vision attributes to about 95% of the sensory requirements for driving. When driving, impaired visual functions will undoubtedly result in a delayed response to obstructions. The study was prompted by an upsurge in road traffic accidents in Trinidad and Tobago, a twin-island nation
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