Abstract
Exosomal microRNA (miRNA) in plasma and urine has attracted attention as a novel diagnostic tool for pathological conditions. However, the mechanisms of miRNA dynamics in the exercise physiology field are not well understood in terms of monitoring sports performance. This pilot study aimed to reveal the miRNA dynamics in urine and plasma of full-marathon participants. Plasma and urine samples were collected from 26 marathon participants before, immediately after, 2 h after, and one day after a full marathon. The samples were pooled, and exosomal miRNAs were extracted and analyzed using next-generation sequencing. We determined that the exosomal miRNA expression profile changed under time dependency in full marathon. New uncharacterized exosomal miRNAs such as hsa-miR-582-3p and hsa-miR-199a-3p could be potential biomarkers reflecting physical stress of full marathon in plasma and urine. In addition, some muscle miRNAs in plasma and urine have supported the utility for monitoring physical stress. Furthermore, some inflammation-related exosomal miRNAs were useful only in plasma. These results suggest that these exosomal miRNAs in plasma and/or urine are highly sensitive biomarkers for physical stress in full marathons. Thus, our findings may yield valuable insights into exercise physiology.
Highlights
The marathon is a long-distance running event in which athletes compete for position and time on a 42.195 km public road course [1]
Differential expression miRNA (DEM) analysis identified 878 miRNAs. These RNA expressions were changed explicitly at certain time points (Figure 3B). These results suggest that miRNA expression changes in a time-dependent manner in a full marathon
This miRNA was not upregulated in 10 km and half-marathon and was only found to be expressed in the full marathon [41]. This suggests that it could be only expressed in cases of prolonged intense exercise or long-term running. These results suggest that these miRNAs can be useful only in plasma for monitoring physical stress during full marathon
Summary
The marathon is a long-distance running event in which athletes compete for position and time on a 42.195 km public road course [1]. “Liquid biopsy” has emerged as a diagnostic method to include molecular biomarkers detected in the blood or other bodily fluids such as urine or cerebrospinal fluid of patients [3]. MiRNA is a class of non-coding RNA and has an approximate length of 21–25 nucleotides It has a function of post-transcriptional expression of genes in eukaryotes [10]. Previous studies have shown that intense exercise changes blood miRNA expression, suggesting that miRNA may be a suitable biomarker of physical stress [4,11,12,13,14]. MiRNAs in urine were studied as biomarkers in a previous study and can be considered as less invasive biomarkers for visualizing marathon exercise intensity [15]. This study aims to reveal the exosomal miRNA dynamics in urine and plasma of full-marathon participants by using next-generation sequencing (NGS)
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