Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a major indication for antibiotic treatment of cattle worldwide and some of the antibiotics used belong to classes of highest priority among those listed by WHO as critically important for human medicine. To preserve the efficacy of “newer” antibiotics, it has been suggested that “older” drugs should be revisited and used when possible. In this pilot study, we evaluated the efficacy of benzylpenicillin (PEN), oxytetracycline (OTC), and florfenicol (FLO) for treatment of naturally occurring BRD on two farms raising calves for slaughter. Farm personnel selected calves for enrolment, assigned calves to one of the three regimens in a systematically random manner, treated the calves, and registered the results. Overall, 117 calves were enrolled in the study. Nineteen calves relapsed in BRD before slaughter and were retreated (16.2%) and three died (2.6%). For PEN, treatment response rates after 30 days, 60 days, and until slaughter were 90.2%, 87.8%, and 80.5%, respectively; for OTC, 90.0%, 85.0%, and 85.0%, respectively; and for FLO, 86.1%, 83.3%, and 77.8%, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in relapse, mortality, or response rates between the three treatment regimens. This indicates that PEN, OTC, and FLO were equally effective for treatment of BRD but the results need to be confirmed in a more elaborate study with a higher statistical power. The findings support the current recommendations from the Swedish Veterinary Association and the Medical Products Agency to use benzylpenicillin as a first line antibiotic for treatment of calves with undifferentiated respiratory disease in Sweden. Due to differences in the panorama of infectious agents and presence of acquired antibiotic resistance, the findings might not be applicable in other geographical areas.
Highlights
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is recognized worldwide as a common and persistent problem in cattle raised intensively for meat production [1,2,3,4]
The pathogenesis and clinical presentation of BRD varies depending on which infectious agents and predisposing factors are present in a herd, but in general, viral infections of the respiratory tract precede secondary bacterial infections [7]
Some of the antibiotics used to control BRD, for example, fluoroquinolones, third generation cephalosporins, and macrolides, belong to antibiotic classes of highest priority among those listed by WHO as critically important for human medicine (CIA) [15]
Summary
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is recognized worldwide as a common and persistent problem in cattle raised intensively for meat production [1,2,3,4]. BRD has a multifactorial background that includes infectious agents and environmental factors and the immunological and general status of the animals [5,6]. The pathogenesis and clinical presentation of BRD varies depending on which infectious agents and predisposing factors are present in a herd, but in general, viral infections of the respiratory tract precede secondary bacterial infections [7]. Due to the complex background of BRD, morbidity and mortality vary between herds, but both can be very high [9,10] leading to animal welfare problems and economic losses for the farmers [6,11]. There is no curative therapy for viral respiratory infections available for use in cattle and treatment of manifest BRD relies on antibiotics to control secondary bacterial infections of the lower respiratory tract and NSAIDs to alleviate the inflammatory response. Some of the antibiotics used to control BRD, for example, fluoroquinolones, third generation cephalosporins, and macrolides, belong to antibiotic classes of highest priority among those listed by WHO as critically important for human medicine (CIA) [15]
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