Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a growing health problem throughout the world. Strong evidences have supported that gut microbiota can influence tumorigenesis; however, little is known about what happens to gut microbiota following surgical resection. Here, we examined the changes of gut microbiota in CRC patients after the surgical resection. Using the PCoA analysis and dissimilarity tests, the microbial taxonomic compositions and diversities of gut microbiota in post-surgery CRC patients (A1) were significantly different from those in pre-surgery CRC patients (A0) and healthy individuals (H). Compared with A0 and H, the Shannon diversity and Simpson diversity were significantly decreased in A1 (P < 0.05). Based on the LEfSe analysis, the relative abundance of phylum Proteobacteria in A1 was significantly increased than that in A0 and H. The genus Klebsiella in A1 had higher proportions than that in A0 (P < 0.05). Individual variation was distinct; however, 90% of CRC patients in A1 had more abundances of Klebsiella than A0. The Klebsiella in A1 was significantly associated with infectious diseases (P < 0.05), revealed by the correlation analysis between differentiated genera and metabolic pathway. The Klebsiella (Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacteriales, Enterobacteriaceae) in A1 was significantly linked with lymphatic invasion (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the PCA of KEGG pathways indicated that gut microbiota with a more scattered distribution in A1 was noticeably different from that in A0 and H. The nodes, the links, and the kinds of phylum in each module in A1 were less than those in A0 and H, indicating that gut microbiota in A1 had a relatively looser ecologcial interaction network. To sum up, this pilot study identified the changes of gut microbiota in post-surgery CRC patients, and highlights future avenues in which the gut microbiota is likely to be of increasing importance in the care of surgical patients.

Highlights

  • MATERIALS AND METHODSColorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer mortality in the world (Jemal et al, 2011), and is influenced by heredity, diet, lifestyle, gut microbiota, and other factors (Berstad et al, 2015; Sun and Kato, 2016)

  • The dissimilarity tests showed that A1 was significantly different from A0 and H based on the multiple response permutation procedure (MRPP) algorithms and analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) (P < 0.05, Supplementary Table S5)

  • We found that the Fusobacterium (Fusobacteria, Fusobacteriia, Fusobacteriales, Fusobacteriaceae) in A0 and Klebsiella (Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacteriales, Enterobacteriaceae) in A1 were significantly correlated with lymphatic invasion (P < 0.05)

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Summary

Introduction

MATERIALS AND METHODSColorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer mortality in the world (Jemal et al, 2011), and is influenced by heredity, diet, lifestyle, gut microbiota, and other factors (Berstad et al, 2015; Sun and Kato, 2016). The gut microbiota has garnered great attentions because of its important role in influencing CRC risk by metabolites and immunity in the host (Saleh and Trinchieri, 2011). Some bacteria producing hydrogen sulfide, acetaldehyde and secondary bile acids can contribute to the risk of CRC (Huycke and Gaskins, 2004; Bernstein et al, 2009). Some bacteria, including the orders Clostridiales, Lactobacillales, Bifidobacteriales, and Actinomycetales (Devillard et al, 2007), may reduce CRC risk by producing butyrate and conjugated linoleic acids (Scharlau et al, 2009). Understanding the role of gut microbiota contributes to improving CRC patients’ care

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