Abstract
Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is associated with recurring symptoms that inhibit daily activity. Stability-based rehabilitative training is recommended for CAI. Visualisation (VIS) produces real-time feedback using motion capture and virtual reality. This pilot study aimed to determine the feasibility, adherence, safety, and efficacy of incorporating VIS into stability training for people with CAI. Efficacy was examined through effect of VIS training on dynamic stability, perception of stability, and rehabilitative experience. Individuals with CAI completed a 4-week stability-based training programme with VIS, or without visualisation (NO-VIS). Participants completed the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) and Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) prior to, and after training. Enjoyment of training was recorded using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES-8). Of 17 participants (VIS = 10, NO-VIS = 7), there were 2 drop outs (VIS = 1, NO-VIS = 1). No adverse events were reported, and participant drop-out was due to injury unrelated to the study. The VIS group showed a significantly greater increase in average SEBT reach distance (d = 1.7, p = 0.02). No significant differences were reported for the CAIT or PACES-8. This study supports the feasibility and safety of stability-based training with VIS in those with CAI. The enhanced performance outcome on the SEBT suggests VIS may enhance stability-based training.Graphical abstract
Highlights
Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is a complicated multi-faceted clinical condition affecting 20–70% of those who have experienced an ankle sprain [1, 2]
CAI is associated with recurrent ankle sprains, mechanical laxity, and/or perceived instability that inhibits daily activity and impacts quality of life [2]
A pilot randomised-controlled trial was conducted to assess the feasibility of a stability-based training programme using visualisation for people with CAI
Summary
Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is a complicated multi-faceted clinical condition affecting 20–70% of those who have experienced an ankle sprain [1, 2]. CAI is associated with recurrent ankle sprains, mechanical laxity, and/or perceived instability that inhibits daily activity and impacts quality of life [2]. CAI alters joint contact stress and distribution of loading of the articular surface [1, 3, 4]. A link between CAI and ankle post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) has been established [5]. The degree of physical impairment associated with ankle osteoarthritis is equivalent to that of end-stage kidney disease and congestive heart failure [6]. Surgical treatment includes ankle arthroplasty or arthrodesis [3]. Fusion of the joint reduces motion, altering
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