Abstract
Background: For surgical interventions classified as clean or clean-contaminated, including laparotomy, guidelines in human and veterinary medicine recommend a short-term perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP). In equine colic surgery, however, PAP commonly exceeds 24 h. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare a single-shot to a 5-day lasting PAP considering surgical site infections (SSI) and other adverse effects probably associated with the particular antimicrobial regimen. Study design: The study was designed as a randomised non-inferiority pilot study including horses subjected to colic surgery while receiving one of two distinct PAP regimens. Methods: All horses (n = 67) included in the study received the standard physical examination before and after surgery. Colic surgery was performed according to the current standard of the clinic. Horses were randomly assigned to two groups, receiving either the “single-shot” or the “5-day lasting” antibiotic prophylaxis. The “single-shot” group (n = 30) received penicillin and gentamicin only once before and, if needed, during surgery, whereas the “5-day lasting” group (n = 37) received antibiotics for five days. In addition to the standard laboratory examinations, serum amyloid A and fibrinogen were determined preoperatively and during five days after surgery. SSI, postoperative colitis and haemolytic anaemia were classified as postoperative complications potentially related to antibiotic use. Results: The outcome of this preliminary non-inferiority clinical trial showed that the occurrence of postoperative adverse events (i.e., SSI, postoperative colitis and haemolytic anaemia) lacked significant differences between the study groups. Main limitations: The main limitations of this study are the limited group sizes and our inability to blind the study. Conclusions: Single-shot PAP seems to be an alternative approach considering the 5-day lasting protocol commonly used in equine abdominal surgery. However, a proper hygiene management together with a close clinical and laboratory monitoring of the equine patient is indispensable.
Highlights
The abdominal pain syndrome complex caused by disorders of the gastrointestinal tract in horses is commonly referred to as “colic” [1]
We report on 67 horses which fulfilled the inclusion criteria for this study, with 30 horses belonging to the single-shot” group (SSG) and 37 to the 5DG
A detailed overview of each horse’s gender, breed, age and kind of abdominal surgery is provided in Supplemental Table S1
Summary
The abdominal pain syndrome complex caused by disorders of the gastrointestinal tract in horses is commonly referred to as “colic” [1]. For surgical interventions classified as clean or clean-contaminated, including laparotomy, guidelines in human and veterinary medicine recommend a short-term perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP). Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare a single-shot to a 5-day lasting PAP considering surgical site infections (SSI) and other adverse effects probably associated with the particular antimicrobial regimen. Horses were randomly assigned to two groups, receiving either the “single-shot” or the “5-day lasting” antibiotic prophylaxis. Results: The outcome of this preliminary non-inferiority clinical trial showed that the occurrence of postoperative adverse events (i.e., SSI, postoperative colitis and haemolytic anaemia) lacked significant differences between the study groups. Conclusions: Single-shot PAP seems to be an alternative approach considering the 5-day lasting protocol commonly used in equine abdominal surgery. A proper hygiene management together with a close clinical and laboratory monitoring of the equine patient is indispensable
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