Abstract
The isothermal compression tests of the 2219 Al alloy were conducted at the temperature and the strain rate ranges of 623–773 K and 0.01–10 s−1, respectively, and the deformed microstructures were observed. The flow curves of the 2219 Al alloy obtained show that flow stress decreases with the increase in temperature and/or the decrease in strain rate. The physically based constitutive model is applied to describe the flow behavior during hot deformation. In this model, Young’s modulus and lattice diffusion coefficient are temperature-dependent, and the creep exponent is regarded as a variable. The predicted values calculated by the constitutive model are in good agreement with the experimental results. In addition, it is confirmed that the main softening mechanism of the 2219 Al alloy during hot deformation is dynamic recovery and incomplete continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) by the analysis of electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) micrographs. Moreover, CDRX can readily occur under the condition of high temperatures, low strain rates, and large strains. Meanwhile, the recrystallization grain size will also be larger.
Highlights
IntroductionThe 2219 Al alloy has long been used in the manufacture of various aerospace components (i.e., oxidizer and fuel tanks) due to its high strength, high fracture toughness, and reliable weldability [1]
The 2219 Al alloy has long been used in the manufacture of various aerospace components due to its high strength, high fracture toughness, and reliable weldability [1]
It has been confirmed that the main softening mechanism in hot deformation process involves dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and dynamic recovery (DRV) [4], but the microstructural evolution is often very difficult to illustrate for its complexity [5,6,7]
Summary
The 2219 Al alloy has long been used in the manufacture of various aerospace components (i.e., oxidizer and fuel tanks) due to its high strength, high fracture toughness, and reliable weldability [1]. To characterize the whole flow curve under different strains, the material parameters are used to be expressed as functions of strain (i.e., strain compensation) This method has been successfully applied for steels [16,17], magnesium alloys [18], commercial-purity aluminum [9], and AA2030 aluminum alloy [19]. Based on the published researches by Perdrix [26] and Montheillet et al [27,28], CDRX occurs with high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) formed by the progressive lattice rotation of subgrains near grain boundaries during hot deformation. This mechanism has been verified in Mg alloys [29]. The influence of different TMP conditions on CDRX behavior was discussed
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