A phylogeny of Adelanthaceae (Jungermanniales, Marchantiophyta) based on nuclear and chloroplast DNA markers, with comments on classification, cryptic speciation and biogeography

Abstract

Adelanthaceae (including Jamesoniellaceae) represent a major lineage of jungermannialean liverworts that is characterized by ventral-intercalary, often flagelliform branches, succubous leaves, ovoid to cylindrical, plicate perianths with a contracted mouth, often connate bracts and bracteoles, and 4–7 stratose capsule walls. Here we present the first comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Adelanthaceae using five markers (rbcL, psbA, trnL-trnF region, atpB-rbcL spacer, nrITS1-5.8S-ITS2) and 108 accessions from throughout the geographic range of the family. The molecular data support the separation of subfamilies Adelanthoideae and Jamesonielloideae. The Adelanthoideae include the genera Adelanthus, Pseudomarsupidium and Wettsteinia. The Jamesonielloideae include representatives of the genera Anomacaulis, Cryptochila, Cuspidatula, Jamesoniella, and Syzygiella in five main clades. The monophyly of taxa in current morphological classification schemes of Jamesonielloideae is not supported by the molecular data. Based on the outcome of the molecular phylogenetic analyses we propose to include Anomacaulis and Jamesoniella kirkii in Cuspidatula, and to place Cryptochila, Roivainenia, and Jamesoniella in the synonymy of Syzygiella.Molecular data support intercontinental ranges for several species and a range formation of Adelanthaceae by frequent short-distance dispersal, rare long-distance dispersal, extinction, and diversification. Disjunct distribution patterns within the Adelanthaceae cannot be explained by Gondwanan vicariance.