Abstract
The medium access control (MAC) protocol of IEEE 802.11p dedicated to vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) employs carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) with distributed coordination function (DCF) which prohibits simultaneous transmissions in the same detection area in order to avoid possible interference and collision between neighboring vehicles. This prohibition results in temporary blocking of data reception, which reduces the average network throughput. To solve this problem, we propose a physical (PHY)/MAC cross-layer design based on transmit antenna selection (TAS) and transmit power adaptation (TPA). We consider spatial multiplexing zero-forcing Bell-labs layered space-time (ZF-VBLAST) over multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) time-varying flat fading channel to be implemented in vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication. The cross-layer approach is implemented to get the maximal network throughput on the MAC layer by using the channel state information (CSI) obtained from the PHY layer, while the MIMO spatial multiplexing technique is used to increase the spectral efficiency. This design helps transmitters to select the best combination of transmitting antennas to maximize throughput and also to choose the adequate transmit power level to minimize neighbors' interference and collision. Also, this solution comes with a multi-user interference cancellation method that allows simultaneous transmissions as long as the sum of transmit antennas within the same radio range does not exceed the number of receive antennas. This paper evaluates the proposed cross-layer architecture by calculating the average network throughput per V2V links concerning different network parameters such as the number of vehicles and antennas. The simulation results show that this solution allows more vehicles to communicate simultaneously and thus significantly improves the average network throughput compared to 802.11p MAC standard, in particular for VANETs with high density.
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