Abstract
In recent years, copyright infringement has been one of the most serious problems that hamper the development of the culture and arts industry. Due to the limitations of existing image search services, these infringements have not been properly identified and the number of infringements has been increasing continuously. To uncover these infringements and handle big data extracted from copyright photos, we propose a photo copyright identification framework to accurately handle manipulations of stolen photos. From a collage of cropped photos, regions of interest (RoIs) are detected to reduce the influence of cropping and identify each photo by Image RoI Detection. Binary descriptors for quick database search are generated from the RoIs by Image Hashing robustly to geometric and color manipulations. The matching results of Image Hashing are verified by measuring their similarity using the proposed Image Verification to reduce false positives. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework outperforms other image retrieval methods in identification accuracy and significantly reduces the false positive rate by 2.8%. This framework is expected to identify copyright infringements in practical situations and have a positive effect on the copyright market.
Highlights
Copyright is one of the legal protections used to encourage creative activities as the creator’s exclusive right to use or allow others to use their content
We propose Image regions of interest (RoIs) Detection, a preprocessing technique that can effectively handle geometric manipulations such as image collage and image cropping, which cannot be solved by existing image search services
Faster R-CNN shows better average IoUs with ResNet-101 without Feature Pyramid Network (FPN) [19] than Yolo v3 while the average time of Faster R-CNN is more than ten times that of Yolo v3
Summary
Copyright is one of the legal protections used to encourage creative activities as the creator’s exclusive right to use or allow others to use their content. Numerous copyright violations still occur worldwide by pirates. According to Copytrack [1], approximately 65M images in 115 countries suffer from copyright infringement and the damage from the stolen image is estimated at approximately USD 63M. If an illegal use is detected, corrective recommendations can be taken to compensate copyright holders by public institutions such as the Copyright Commission. As shown, the number of corrective recommendations for copyright infringement in South Korea is increasing. In 2019, more than 670,000 corrective recommendations were made and the total amount of compensation is approximately USD 28M [2]
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