A Phase II Trial of High-Dose Mitoxantrone, Carboplatin, and Cyclophosphamide with Autologous Bone Marrow Rescue for Recurrent Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma: Analysis of Risk Factors for Clinical Outcome

Abstract

Despite high initial response rates to platinum-based chemotherapy, most patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma die of drug-resistant disease. Drug resistance can be overcome in the hematologic malignancies and lymphomas with high-dose therapy and bone marrow transplantation (BMT) when used early, suggesting that this therapy may also be of value in ovarian carcinoma. As a prelude to the use of high-dose chemotherapy with BMT early in the management of advanced ovarian carcinoma, we evaluated a new high-dose regimen in patients with relapsed/refractory ovarian carcinoma to define toxicities and responses. Thirty patients were treated, of whom 20 were platinum resistant and 22 had >1 cm maximum diameter disease. They received mitoxantrone (75 mg/m2), carboplatin (1500 mg/m2), and cyclophosphamide (120 mg/kg), followed by an autologous BMT. Overall, 89% responded, with clinical complete responses seen in 88 vs 47% (P = 0.06) of platinum-sensitive vs -resistant disease. There was only one early death (3.3%) due to Aspergillus pneumonia. Median survival for all 30 patients was 29 months, and at 3 years 23% are alive without disease. There was a 10.1- vs 5.1-month progression-free survival for patients with platinum-sensitive versus -resistant disease, and at a median follow-up of 12 months, 80% of the platinum-sensitive patients are alive. This regimen is safe, and for platinum-sensitive disease appears superior to other salvage therapies. Its use should be explored earlier in the management of advanced ovarian carcinoma.