Abstract
BackgroundTrend analysis, graphical representation, and summarization of pharmacological research trends were carried out to act as guidance for the future. The main objectives of the research are to find out the complete research trend on the national tree of India so far and to validate its traditional uses along with the pharmacological hepatoprotective activity of Ficus benghalensis L. by developing three in vitro experimental models.MethodsThe fruit of the said plant (F. benghalensis) was extracted with different solvent (petrochemical ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, water) system and the yield value was determined. Phytochemical screening was also done with a different solvent. In an in-vitro study, the liver of freshly slaughtered goat (Capra Capra) was used for various investigational tests, and the hepatotoxicity was induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) at a dose of 2 ml/kg, Acetaminophen at a dose of 7 g/kg, and with Erythromycin at a dose of 1.4 g/kg. The ethanol extract of fruits of F. benghalensis at the doses of 100 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, and 500 mg/kg were used to observe its hepatoprotective effect against drug/chemical-induced in vitro hepatotoxicity as the model developed here with against a standard molecule, Silymarin.ResultsAmongst all solvents, ethanol was considered to be a universal solvent and resulted in a yield of 2.96%, which is maximum. Phytochemical screening of ethanol extract of fruit also showed the presence of alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, and glycosides. The protein concentration of liver homogenate based on comparison with standard protein concentration was found to be 1.6 mg/mL as measured at λmax of 750 nm. About the protein concentration, catalase (enzymatic) activity was also measured using the standard curve of H2O2, to calculate the specific activity of different models to compare the study results.ConclusionThe significant effect of the reduction of hepatotoxicity was found at a dose of 500 mg/kg of fruit extract against Silymarin. Evaluation of Hepatoprotective activity of fruit in terms of catalase activity with different models flourishing the new research scope to fulfill the shortage of availability of a new, efficient, safe hepatoprotective agent in upcoming days.Graphical abstract
Highlights
The liver is the largest organ in humans; even for animals liver is considered to be the largest organ
Fruit of F. benghalensis was extracted with different solvent systems and phytochemical screening was performed to confirm the basic chemical moiety
Hepatoprotective activity was evaluated based on different chemical/drug-induced goat liver models
Summary
The liver is the largest organ in humans; even for animals liver is considered to be the largest organ. The key role of the liver is to detoxify (metabolic) any materials including foods, drugs, and any other toxic components, which has been administered into the body either purposefully or unintentionally. Toxicity cajoled liver injury when formed by the drugs and chemicals may virtually mimic any mode of the naturally developing liver disease(s) including iatrogenic disease. The harshness of hepatotoxicity is enormously expanded if the drug is pursued after symptoms development. Medicinal operators both from natural and synthetic sources are large statistics used as therapeutic operators in our day-to-day activity which may cause Predictable or Unpredictable including acute and continual liver disease [2]. The main objectives of the research are to find out the complete research trend on the national tree of India so far and to validate its traditional uses along with the pharmacological hepatoprotective activity of Ficus benghalensis L. by developing three in vitro experimental models
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