A pessoa: fenômeno causal ou espontâneo? Exame crítico das objeções de Ansgar Beckermann à existência da alma

Abstract

Is there a concrete change taking place in the image of the Self in the neurosciences? Beginning with this query, the overall use of the cause and effect principle is questioned within the scope of these sciences, striving to obtain neuroethical reflections and point towards the place for ministry in caring for the human being. A critical examination of Ansgar Beckermann’s neurophilosophy is carried out, developing a work hypothesis contrary to that of attributing to the brain alone the phenomenon of conscious life. This phenomenon is always spontaneous. Otherwise, how would it be possible to make human beings responsible for their decisions and acts? A framework is suggested where the Self and the image created of her derives from an integral point of view. The Self is simply a living soul, always greater than one of her single parts or the sum of parts. This model of ethics may manifest itself as neuroethics, adding to existing knowledge of the neurosciences. The centrality of the brain is conceded in the manifestation of conscious, free and responsible life; never disassociated, however, from the Self in her totality. For a ministry inspired by the Christian message and which is directed to caring for the individual, life needs to be valued and protected. In this type of ministry, the goal is not to save the modern Individual, or another image centered on the self. In the perspective of this type of ministry, the human being is always in need of reconciliation. However, a reduced image which denies some characteristics of the Self will contribute nothing to the continuity of the work and witness of this ministry