A performance-based fire risk analysis for buildings

Abstract

Fire safety can be defined as the requirements that cumulatively guarantee the absence of conditions for fire ignition and also eliminate or minimize the effects of the fire on people and property. Based on this premise, we can assume that a fire risk assessment methodology is more effective as more components contributing to fire safety are integrated in the analysis process. In this paper a new fire risk assessment methodology is proposed, based in a holistic approach analyzes of the potential of failure of each of the critical components, that compete differently for the overall performance of the fire safety of the building. This methodology attempts to respond to the problems of the current risk analysis methodologies regarding their applicability—with identical reliability—in different types of buildings and fire scenarios. In order to reduce the level of uncertainty, as much as possible, the method uses a redundant fire risk estimation process. In one analysis dimension, the model uses the parameters of probability, severity and exposure of fire for valuing the risk in function of the failure potential of performance analysis indicators considered critical in relation to the variables of fire prevention and protection. It is compared an actual or potential performance with a standard performance considered as safe. In another dimension of analysis, the method determines the potential of fire growth and spread in function of the existing conditions in the building, to assess whether it is safe for its occupants, until the complete evacuation of the building.