A Perceptual Color-Matching Method for Examining Color Blending in Augmented Reality Head-Up Display Graphics.

Joseph L Gabbard,Coleman Merenda,David R Large,Missie Smith,Gary Burnett

doi:10.1109/tvcg.2020.3044715

Joseph L Gabbard, Coleman Merenda + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2020.3044715

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Abstract

Augmented reality (AR) offers new ways to visualize information on-the-go. As noted in related work, AR graphics presented via optical see-through AR displays are particularly prone to color blending, whereby intended graphic colors may be perceptually altered by real-world backgrounds, ultimately degrading usability. This work adds to this body of knowledge by presenting a methodology for assessing AR interface color robustness, as quantitatively measured via shifts in the CIE color space, and qualitatively assessed in terms of users' perceived color name. We conducted a human factors study where twelve participants examined eight AR colors atop three real-world backgrounds as viewed through an in-vehicle AR head-up display (HUD); a type of optical see-through display used to project driving-related information atop the forward-looking road scene. Participants completed visual search tasks, matched the perceived AR HUD color against the WCS color palette, and verbally named the perceived color. We present analysis that suggests blue, green, and yellow AR colors are relatively robust, while red and brown are not, and discuss the impact of chromaticity shift and dispersion on outdoor AR interface design. While this work presents a case study in transportation, the methodology is applicable to a wide range of AR displays in many application domains and settings.

Highlights

DESPITE its growing marketability, augmented reality’s (AR) implementation in day-to-day mobile usage setexperienced with using AR head-up displays (HUDs), which is one manifestation of an optical see-through AR display
Using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), we found higher error rates for the text task as compared to the symbol task across all color conditions, and no significant differences across response times by color
A source color of yellow named “yellow-orange” by a participant would be a hit, but “cream-orange” would be a miss since it did not include the term “yellow.” Pearson chi-square results show statistically significant differences between all AR source color naming (Figure 6) with blue, green and yellow associated with higher naming accuracy and all other AR colors associated with relatively poor naming accuracy

Summary

Introduction

DESPITE its growing marketability, augmented reality’s (AR) implementation in day-to-day mobile usage setexperienced with using AR head-up displays (HUDs), which is one manifestation of an optical see-through AR display (head worn AR displays such as Microsoft Hololens are another). Adworld lighting levels and color blending [1]. These distortions ditionally, since the market for augmented reality is still relaresulting from luminance washout and chromaticity shifts tively new, standard guidelines and regulations for AR intercan impact both the meaning and salience of AR graphics as face design largely do not exist. Despite this lack of guidance, perceived by users, render them useless or even distracting designers are still expected to contend with the frequent con-

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