Abstract
Pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) plays an important role in modern life, including localisation and navigation if a Global Positioning System (GPS) is not available. Most previous PDR methods adopted foot-mounted sensors. However, humans have evolved to keep the head steady in space when the body is moving in order to stabilise the visual field. This indicates that sensors that are placed on the head might provide a more suitable alternative for real-world tracking. Emerging wearable technologies that are connected to the head also makes this a growing field of interest. Head-mounted equipment, such as glasses, are already ubiquitous in everyday life. Whilst other wearable gear, such as helmets, masks, or mouthguards, are becoming increasingly more common. Thus, an accurate PDR method that is specifically designed for head-mounted sensors is needed. It could have various applications in sports, emergency rescue, smart home, etc. In this paper, a new PDR method is introduced for head mounted sensors and compared to two established methods. The data were collected by sensors that were placed on glasses and embedded into a mouthguard. The results show that the newly proposed method outperforms the other two techniques in terms of accuracy, with the new method producing an average end-to-end error of 0.88 m and total distance error of 2.10%.
Highlights
In recent years, human position tracking technology has been rapidly developing and it has drastically changed everyday life by offering location information, even during complex scenarios.Location Based Services (LBS) can help to provide accurate tracking of human position and this has been widely adopted in a range of different fields
We propose exploring the performance of these two Pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) methods [19,20] and a novel algorithm that was based on Peak detection, Mahony algorithm, and Weinberg step length model
The mouthguard was made out of two Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) layers with 0.6 mm thickness, which were thermoformed whlie using the upper teeth cast of the subject
Summary
Location Based Services (LBS) can help to provide accurate tracking of human position and this has been widely adopted in a range of different fields. Local spatial data are often being leveraged to provide specific services to users. It can offer continuous monitoring, location-specific information when the user is nearby a point of interest or even provide specialistic services upon request. Position tracking for indoor environments is playing an ever increasing role in human navigation, which is further propelled by the rise of smart devices. An example of this is the application of indoor tracking within the healthcare sector
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