Abstract
Pulmonary drug delivery has recognized benefits for both local and systemic treatments. Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are convenient, portable and environmentally friendly devices, becoming an optimal choice for patients. The tailoring of novel formulations for DPIs, namely in the form of porous particles, is stimulating in the pharmaceutical research area to improve delivery efficiency. Suitable powder technological approaches are being sought to design such formulations. Namely, aerogel powders are nanostructured porous particles with particularly attractive properties (large surface area, excellent aerodynamic properties and high fluid uptake capacity) for these purposes. In this review, the most recent development on powder technologies used for the processing of particulate porous carriers are described via updated examples and critically discussed. A special focus will be devoted to the most recent advances and uses of aerogel technology to obtain porous particles with advanced performance in pulmonary delivery.
Highlights
Specialty section: This article was submitted to Biomaterials, a section of the journal Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
Current challenges in aerogel engineering for Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) and future trends are discussed in Section “Future Trends of Bioaerogel Carriers for pulmonary Drug Delivery.”
While mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of both formulations was the same (2.55 μm), fine particle fraction (FPF) and emitted fraction (EF) of large porous particles (LPP) formulation were significantly higher than the non-porous counterparts
Summary
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT | Aerogel powders are advantageous porous particles in dry powder inhalers for the pulmonary drug delivery in local and systemic treatments. Several criteria have been set to guide the medical doctors on the suitable (START [Screening Tool to Alert doctors to Right Treatment]) and potentially unsuitable (STOPP [Screening Tool of Older Person’s Prescriptions]) treatments for patients to avoid adverse drug events and to reduce sociosanitary costs (O’Mahony et al, 2014; Lavan et al, 2017; Fahrni et al, 2019) These criteria label as “potentially inappropriate” the systemic administration of corticosteroids for the prolonged treatment of moderateto-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and recommend the replacement to a local delivery by oral inhalation. Current challenges in aerogel engineering for DPIs and future trends are discussed in Section “Future Trends of Bioaerogel Carriers for pulmonary Drug Delivery.”
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