Abstract

Colored waste water from dye, food, and textile industries is not easily removed by biological methods due to its resistance against biodegradation. Several researchers have reported that the use of dye assimilating or degrading microorganisms is effective for the biological treatment of such waste water, and showed the pathways of conversion and degradation of dyes in liquid media by microorganisms (Cripps et al. 1990; Horitsu et al. 1977; Meyer et al. 1979; Ogawa et al. 1986, 1990). However, degradation pathways of dyes by microorganisms are little known except for azo dyes (Bumpus et al. 1988; Yatome et al. 1991, 1993).

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