Abstract
The non line-of-sight (NLOS) scenario in urban intersections is critical in terms of traffic safety—a scenario where Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication really can make a difference by enabling communication and detection of vehicles around building corners. A few NLOS V2V channel models exist in the literature but they all have some form of limitation, and therefore further research is need. In this paper, we present an alternative NLOS path loss model based on analysis from measured V2V communication channels at 5.9 GHz between six vehicles in two urban intersections. We analyze the auto-correlation of the large scale fading process and the influence of the path loss model on this. In cases where a proper model for the path loss and the antenna pattern is included, the de-correlation distance for the auto-correlation is as low as 2–4 m, and the cross-correlation for the large scale fading between different links can be neglected. Otherwise, the de-correlation distance has to be much longer and the cross-correlation between the different communication links needs to be considered separately, causing the computational complexity to be unnecessarily large. With these findings, we stress that vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) simulations should be based on the current geometry, i.e., a proper path loss model should be applied depending on whether the V2V communication is blocked or not by other vehicles or buildings.
Highlights
The propagation channel characteristics for ad-hoc Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication are fundamentally different from typical infrastructure-based cellular communication due to the higher mobility and the differences in propagation environments around the antennas
We present an alternative non line-of-sight (NLOS) path loss model based on V2V channel measurements in two urban intersections between six vehicles
We present the analysis of the packet success ratio and path loss model estimation
Summary
The propagation channel characteristics for ad-hoc Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication are fundamentally different from typical infrastructure-based cellular communication due to the higher mobility and the differences in propagation environments around the antennas. One aspect where little attention has been paid is the modeling of multilink cases, i.e., communication between with one or several transmitters and multiple receivers or vice versa. Exceptions to this include [6], where simultaneous analysis of the communication links was performed between four cars to capture the joint behavior of the shadow fading process in multiple links only for highway scenarios. The urban environment, especially street intersections, is one of the most safety critical scenarios for V2V safety applications. The German automotive organization ADAC recently reported that more than two people die every day in road accidents at urban intersections [7]. There has been extensive research into advanced driver assistance (ADAS) systems where the on-board sensors, e.g., radars, cameras, and lidars, are utilized to detect potential hazards and reduce the number of road
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